Atoms, Ions & Molecules

Atom Diagram Structure

What are the 3 Subatomic Structures seen in an Atom?

• Protons

• Neutrons

• Electrons

Describe Protons, Neutrons and Electrons?

• Proton

  • Positively Charged (+)

• Neutron

  • No Charge

• Electron

  • Negatively Charged (-)

Protons & Neutrons are found where in the Atom?

• The Centre (Nucleus) of the Atom

Where are the Electrons found?

• Orbiting the Positively charged nucleus.

The 1st Shell can accomodate how many electrons?

• 2

The 2nd Shell can accomodate how many electrons?

• 8 Electrons

All subsequent shells after the 2nd Shell can accomodate how many electrons?

• 8

If an Atom has more Electrons than Protons that makes the Atom?

• Negatively Charged

If an Atom has more Protons than Electrons the Atom is ?

• Positively Charged

An atom or a molecule that carries a net positive or a net negative charge is known as ?

• Ion

A Positively (+) Charged Atom is called a?

• Cation

A Negatively (-) Charged Atom is called a?

• Anion

Is Sodium positive or Negative?

• Positive

Is Chloride negative or Positive?

• Negative

What is an Ionic Bond?

• Bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom.

• Creating oppositely charged ions that are held together by electrostatic attraction.

What is a Covalent Bond?

• When Atoms Share Electrons.

• Instead of fully donating.

Organic molecules are molecules that contain?

• Carbon

What is Polarity?

• When 2 Identical Atoms form Covalent Bonds.

• They Share Equally.

Atoms attracted equally to both Nuclei of an Atom are called?

• Non Polar

Atoms attracted not equally to both Nuclei of an Atom are called?

• Polar

A Hydrogen Cation is simply a ?

• Free Cation

Why do Free Cations never exist for very long?

• As it is Strongly attracted to the electrons of other atoms/molecules.

The concentration of protons (H+ ) in a solution is the basis of the?

• pH scale

An Acid is a solution with a pH lower than?

• 7

An Alkaline or Basic Solution has a pH Higher than?

• 7

A Substance than can reduce the availability of H+ ions is known as ?

• A Buffer

pH scale diagram

The pH of arterial blood is normally?

• 7.4

The acceptable physiological range for arterial pH is?

• 7.35 to 7.45