Lab 8

Telodendria

terminal branches of the axon

Axon terminal

axon endings that are button shaped

Neuromuscular junction

a synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle

Sarcolemma

Cell membrane that surrounds muscle fibers

Endomysium

Connective tissue that surrounds muscle fibers

Neuron

transmit electrical signals

Neuroglial cells

supporting cells

Astrocytes

CNS

star shaped cells that anchor neurons to capillaries and maintain the extracellular environment

Oligodendrocytes

CNS

produce myelin sheath that insulate certain axon and increase the speed of electrical impulses

Microglial cells

CNS

phagocytize foreign particles

Smallest

Ependymal cells

CNS

line hollow cavities and produce cerebrospinal fluid

Schwann Cell

PNS

produce myelin sheath around certain axons

Satellite Cells

PNS

maintain a proper ionic balance in the extracellular environment

Multipolar Neurons

Major CNS neuron, many dendrites and one axon

Bipolar neuron

Only used in the retina and olfactory epithelium, One dendrite one axon

Unipolar Neuron

mostly for sensory functions, One axon that divides in half with peripheral and central parts. Comes from PNS and goes to CNS

Pyramidal Cell

Multipolar cell within the cerebral cortex, dendrites on more than one part of the cell body

Purkinje Cell

Multipolar cell in the Cerebellum, dendrites condensed to the top of the cell body

Epineurium

surrounds a whole nerve

Perineurium

surrounds a bundle of nerve fibers. Surrounds a fascicle

Endoneurium

surrounds one nerve fiber

Nuclei

bundle of cell bodies in the CNS

Ganglia

bundle of cell bodies in the PNS

Saltatory Conduction

Describes the way an electrical impulse skips from node to node down the full length of an axon

Myelin Sheath in Saltatory Conduction

surrounds an axon allowing action potential to jump from one node to another quicker than without

Schwann Cells produces

myelin sheath in the PNS

Oligodendroglial cell produces

myelin sheath in the CNS

Fibrous Layer of the Eye

Sclera

Cornea

Vascular Layer of the Eye

Iris

Ciliary Body

Choroid

Neural Layer of the Eye

Retina

Cornea

bends lights as it enters the eye

Sclera

white of the eye, protects the eye and connects it to muscles

Choroid

supplies oxygen to the cells of the eye, many melanocytes that absorb light

Ciliary Body

regulates the shape of the lens to enable light to be focused on the retina, secretes aqueous humor that fills the anterior cavity

Iris

contains cells that make eye color, smooth muscle that regulates the size of the pupil

Retina

2 layers one that absorbs light and prevents it from scattering and one that contains rods and cones that stimulate the optic nerve

Optic Disc (Blindspot)

where optic nerve leave the eyeball

Macula Lutea

contains the fovea centralis

Fovea Centralis

where concentration of cones is the greatest

Rods

low light, peripheral vision

Cones

sharpness and color

Retinal ganglion cells

connects to the optic nerve to deliver signals from cones and rods

Anterior Cavity

Contains the anterior and posterior chambers divided by the iris. filled with aqueous humor into the posterior chamber and the through the pupil into the anterior chamber

Aqueous Humor

provides oxygen and nutrients to the blood

Posterior cavity

filled with vitreous humor

Vitreous Humor

In the posterior cavity. Helps keep the retina in place

Auricle

ear on the outside what you can see, directs sound waves to the canal

external auditory canal

lined with sweat glands that make ear wax

Tympanic Membrane

Ear drum

vibrates in response to sounds waves

Auditory Ossicles

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Malleus

Incus

Stapes

Auditory Ossicles

Auditory Tube

connects middle ear to nasopharynx and equalizes pressureC

Cochlea

contains the receptor organ for hearing

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

sends signals to the brain