AP Pysch - Unit 6 Vocab

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25 Terms

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Discrimination
in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
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Biofeedback
the use of instrumentation to mirror psychological processes of which the individual is not normally aware and which may be brought under voluntary control
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developmental psychology
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
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zygote
a fertilized egg with 100 cells that becomes increasingly diverse
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embryo
the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
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Teratogens
chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the developing fetus (drugs, alcohol, viruses)
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Habituation
decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation; as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.
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maturation
the process of becoming mature overall, both psychological and behaviorally; the emergence of individual and behavioral characteristics through growth processes over time.
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cognition
all forms of knowing and awareness, such as perceiving, conceiving, remembering, reasoning, judging, imagining, and problem solving
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schema
a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
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assimilation
incorporating new experiences into our current understanding (schema)
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accommodation
adapting our current understandings to incorporate new information; the process of adjusting a schema and modifying it
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sensory motor stage
first stage of Piaget's cognitive development - birth to 2 years; main activities involve sucking and grasping; must achieve object permanence and mental representations
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preoperational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
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egocentrism
in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
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concrete operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events; experience conservation problems, but are able to think mathematically
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formal operational stage
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
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critical period
an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
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basic trust
according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
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self concept
an understanding and assessment of who you are
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aggression
a range of behaviors that can result in both physical and psychological harm to yourself, others, or objects in the environment
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gender roles
sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as male or female
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gender typing
The process of developing the behaviors, thoughts, and emotions associated with a particular gender; seeing things as masculine or feminine
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X chromosome
the sex chromosome found in both men and women; females have two X chromosomes; males have one
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Y chromosome
the sex chromosome found only in males; when paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child