Nucleotide and nucleic acid structure

DNA Extraction

The process of isolating DNA from cells, often done by breaking cell walls, membranes, and precipitating the DNA for visualization.

Nucleotides

The monomers of polynucleotides like DNA and RNA, consisting of a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G in DNA; A, U, C, G in RNA).

Polynucleotides

Nucleotides joining via phosphodiester bonds to form dinucleotides, trinucleotides, and polynucleotides, essential in DNA and RNA structures.

DNA Structure

DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix with antiparallel strands and complementary base pairs (A-T, C-G) held by hydrogen bonds.

DNA Function

DNA's double-stranded nature allows for replication and genetic coding, with sequences of bases determining amino acid sequences in proteins.

RNA Structure

RNA is single-stranded, with ribose as its pentose sugar and nitrogenous bases (C, G, A, U) forming complementary base pairs (A-U, C-G).

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, a molecule crucial for energy transfer in cells, formed by adding a phosphate to ADP in respiration and releasing energy upon hydrolysis.