Video Notes: European Colonization & The 13 Colonies

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the video notes on European colonization and the 13 colonies.

Maryland Act of Toleration

A colonial statute (1649) granting religious freedom, primarily to Catholics.

Southern Colonies

Agriculturally based colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia) exporting tobacco, rice, and indigo; varied soils and climates; many enslaved laborers.

House of Burgesses

Virginia’s representative assembly and the earliest form of colonial self-government.

Great Migration

Large movement of English settlers to New England seeking religious and communal opportunities.

Roger Williams

Puritan minister who founded Rhode Island and advocated religious liberty and separation of church and state.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan dissenter banished for challenging church authority and advocating personal interpretation of scripture.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Early written constitution establishing a framework for Connecticut’s government.

Quakers

Religious group in the Middle Colonies; pacifists who believed religion is a personal choice.

Mayflower Compact

Plymouth settlers’ pact establishing majority rule and self-government.

New England colonies

Puritan-dominated settlements with emphasis on education, town meetings (direct democracy), shipbuilding, fishing, and lumber.

New York (New Amsterdam)

Originally New Amsterdam; taken from the Dutch by King Charles II; became a diverse commercial hub.

William Penn

Quaker founder of Pennsylvania; promoted religious liberty and a proprietary colony.

Breadbasket colonies

Middle Colonies known for grain production and abundant bread and cereals.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America (founded 1607).

St. Augustine

Spanish fort in Florida built to protect ships and shipments of gold.

French colonization

French focus on fur trade with Native Americans; relatively good relations and intermarriage; spread of Catholicism; New Orleans as a key site.

Dutch colonies

Trading outposts along the Hudson; New Amsterdam (later New York City); diverse and intermarried populations.

Puritans

English Protestants seeking to reform or separate from the Church of England; established in Massachusetts Bay.

Shipbuilding

Major industry in New England supporting trade and naval power.

Education in the colonies

Valued literacy; education often funded by local taxes; tutors and parental instruction prevalent.

Maryland Act of Toleration

A colonial statute (1649) granting religious freedom, primarily to Catholics.

Southern Colonies

Agriculturally based colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia) exporting tobacco, rice, and indigo; varied soils and climates; many enslaved laborers.

House of Burgesses

Virginia’s representative assembly and the earliest form of colonial self-government.

Great Migration

Large movement of English settlers to New England seeking religious and communal opportunities.

Roger Williams

Puritan minister who founded Rhode Island and advocated religious liberty and separation of church and state.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan dissenter banished for challenging church authority and advocating personal interpretation of scripture.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Early written constitution establishing a framework for Connecticut’s government.

Quakers

Religious group in the Middle Colonies; pacifists who believed religion is a personal choice.

Mayflower Compact

Plymouth settlers’ pact establishing majority rule and self-government.

New England colonies

Puritan-dominated settlements with emphasis on education, town meetings (direct democracy), shipbuilding, fishing, and lumber.

New York (New Amsterdam)

Originally New Amsterdam; taken from the Dutch by King Charles II; became a diverse commercial hub.

William Penn

Quaker founder of Pennsylvania; promoted religious liberty and a proprietary colony.

Breadbasket colonies

Middle Colonies known for grain production and abundant bread and cereals.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America (founded 1607).

St. Augustine

Spanish fort in Florida built to protect ships and shipments of gold.

French colonization

French focus on fur trade with Native Americans; relatively good relations and intermarriage; spread of Catholicism; New Orleans as a key site.

Dutch colonies

Trading outposts along the Hudson; New Amsterdam (later New York City); diverse and intermarried populations.

Puritans

English Protestants seeking to reform or separate from the Church of England; established in Massachusetts Bay.

Shipbuilding

Major industry in New England supporting trade and naval power.

Education in the colonies

Valued literacy; education often funded by local taxes; tutors and parental instruction prevalent.

Indentured Servitude

A labor system where individuals agreed to work for a set number of years in exchange for passage to the colonies, food, shelter, and freedom dues.

Mercantilism

An economic theory where colonies served as sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods, enriching the mother country by maintaining a favorable balance of trade.

Triangular Trade

A transatlantic trading network connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas, primarily involving the exchange of raw materials, manufactured goods, and enslaved people.

Middle Passage

The brutal and deadly sea journey endured by enslaved Africans transported across the Atlantic to the Americas during the Triangular Trade.

Navigation Acts

A series of English laws beginning in 1651 that regulated colonial trade, ensuring that most goods to and from the colonies passed through England and were carried on English ships.

Bacon's Rebellion

An armed rebellion in 1676 led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley of Virginia, stemming from grievances over land, Native American policy, and governmental corruption.