Galea Aponeurotica
origin: occipital bone
insertion: skin around eyes
action: elevates eyebrow
innervation: facial nerve
Orbicularis Oculi
origin: maxilla and frontal bone
insertion: skin around eye
action: closes eye
innervation: facial nerve
zygomaticus major
origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: skin and muscle
action: smiling
innervation: facial nerve
zygomaticus minor
origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: skin and muscle at corner of mouth
action: smiling
innervation: facial nerve
orbicularis oris
origin: muscles near the mouth
insertion: skin of central lip
action: closes lip; kissing
innervation: facial nerve
buccinator
origin: alveolar processes
insertion: orbicularis oris
action: compresses cheeks
innervation: facial nerve
platysma
origin: fascia in upper chest
insertion: skin and muscles below mouth; mandible
action: depresses lower lip and angle of mouth as when pouting
innervation: facial nerve
masseter
origin: zygomatic arch
insertion: lateral surface of ramus of mandible
action: elevates and protracts mandible
innervation: trigeminal nerve
temporalis
origin: temporal bone
insertion: coronoid process of anterior ramus of mandible
action: elevates and retracts mandible
innervation. trigeminal nerve
sternocleidomastoid
origin: anterior surface of sternum and upper surface of clavicle
insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
action: laterally flexes neck on same side; together pull head forward and down; elevates sternum and first rib
innervation: accessory, C2 and C3 cervical nerves
Scalenes
origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
insertion: superior and lateral surfaces of first two ribs
action: individually: laterally flexes head and neck to the same side.
together: elevate first two ribs during forceful inhalation
innervation: cervical spinal nerves
splenius capitis
origin: processes of lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae
insertion: occipital bone
action: individually: rotates head to opposite side.
together: extend head and neck.
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
quadratus lumborum
origin: iliac crest
insertion: upper lumbar vertebrae and twelfth rib
action: extends lumbar region of vertebral column
innervation: thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
Iliocostalis cervicis
Iliocostalis thoracis
Iliocostalis lumborum
Trapezius
Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle, spine, and acromion process of scapula
Action: Rotates and retracts scapula Superior portion elevates scapula, Inferior portion depresses scapula
Innervation: Accessory nerve