Chapter 11: Addiction

Methadone

________: A long- acting oral opioid that keeps craving, withdrawal, and relapse under control.

Naloxone

________ and Naltrexone: block opiate receptors so they dont produce any pleasurable effects when taken.

Cannabinoid receptors

________ usually bind to natural neurochemicals called endocannabinoids (anandamide, etc .)

Brain regions

________ involved with executive functions and judgment are changed by drugs.

Chronic ecstasy use

________ causes long- term changes in brain areas of thought, memory, and pleasure.

GHB

________ (Gamma hydroxy- butyrate): a drug that has been abused for euphoric, sedative, and body- building effects.

Alcohol

________ works by activating the endogenous opioid system.

Varenicline

________: interacts with the acetylcholine nicotinic receptor and prevents nicotine from activating it.

Tetrahydrocannabinol

________ (THC): the active ingredient in marijuana.

Bupropion

________: originally an antidepressant but approved for use as a nicotine addiction treatment.

Buprenorphine

________: causes a weaker effect on receptors than methadone, creating a limited high.

Cirrhosis

________: scarring of the liver.

Tolerance

________: the progressive need for a higher drug dose to achieve the same effect.

Psychostimulants

________ are greatly able to elevate dopamine in specific brain regions.

Naltrexone

________: works by blocking opioid receptors.

Opiates

________ can reach the brain in 15 to 20 seconds.

hippocampus

The ________ contains many receptors for THC.

Rohypnol

________ can be lethal when mixed with alcohol and other depressants.

Drugs

________ alter the ways neurotransmitters carry messages from neuron to neuron in different ways:

Ethanol

________: the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Ketamine

________: a Central Nervous System depressant, hypnotic, and analgesic with hallucinogenic properties.

anxiety

It calms ________, impairs muscle control, and delays reaction time.

Marijuana

________ can also produce intense anxiety.

GHB

Rohypnol, ________, and Ketamine are all CNS depressants.

Alcohol

________ interacts with the GABA receptor.

brain regions

They bind to opiate receptors in ________ involved in the reward system.

Drugs

________ produce pleasure by activating the reward system.

Alcohol

________ significantly alters behavior and mood.

Alcohol

________ acts as a stimulant in low doses & a depressant in high doses.

Drug addiction/dependence

A condition characterized by a pathological desire for drugs.

Tolerance

The progressive need for a higher drug dose to achieve the same effect.

Bupropion

A drug that was originally an antidepressant but is approved for use as a nicotine addiction treatment.

Varenicline

A drug that interacts with the acetylcholine nicotinic receptor and prevents nicotine from activating it.

Cirrhosis

The scarring of the liver.

Ethanol

The active ingredient in alcoholic drinks.

Naltrexone

A drug that works by blocking opioid receptors.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The active ingredient in marijuana.

Methadone

A long-acting oral opioid that keeps craving, withdrawal, and relapse under control.

Naloxone and Naltrexone

Drugs that block opiate receptors and don't produce any pleasurable effects when taken.

Buprenorphine

An opiate that causes a weaker effect on receptors than methadone, creating a limited high.

GHB (Gamma hydroxy-butyrate)

A drug that has been abused for euphoric, sedative, and body-building effects.

Ketamine

A central nervous system depressant, hypnotic, and analgesic with hallucinogenic properties.