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25 Terms
1
Captain James Cook
The first to conquer Australia.
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2
Gold Rush (1851)
A period that led to an influx of settlers and missionaries to Australia, contributing to its growth.
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3
The Irish Question
A debate on how England should handle Ireland's status, including calls for freedom or unification.
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4
Act of Union of 1800
Legislation that united Great Britain and Ireland under a single government.
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5
Great Irish Potato Famine (1845-1852)
A devastating famine that led to the death of thousands and significant population decline in Ireland.
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6
Darwinism
The theory of evolution by natural selection, formulated by Charles Darwin.
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7
Socialism
An economic system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
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8
Utilitarianism
The ethical theory that actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number, associated with philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
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9
Fabian Society
A socialist organization established in 1884, promoting 'evolutionary socialism' through gradual reform.
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10
Modernism
A broad cultural movement that embraced new ideas and rejected traditional forms, characterized by theological liberalism.
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11
Revolutionary Nationalism
An ideology that emphasizes national identity based on shared race, language, culture, and history, often coupled with xenophobia.
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12
Immanuel Kant
A German philosopher known for his work on morality based on reason, introducing the concept of the 'Categorical Imperative'.
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13
Congress of Vienna (1815)
A conference of European powers that aimed to restore the pre-Napoleon status quo in Europe.
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14
Simon Bolivar
A leader in the South American independence movement against Spanish rule, known as 'The Liberator'.
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15
Revolutions of 1848
A series of political upheavals across Europe that generally ended with a return to conservative power.
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16
Giuseppe Garibaldi
An Italian general and nationalist known for his role in unifying Italy, leading the 'Red Shirts'.
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17
Otto von Bismarck
The Chancellor of Prussia who unified Germany through 'blood and iron' policies and realpolitik.
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18
Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)
The conflict that led to the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership and the establishment of the German Empire.
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19
Dual Monarchy
The political structure created in 1867 that governed Austria-Hungary as two distinct nations under a single monarch, Francis Joseph I.
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20
The Third French Republic
The government of France from 1870 to 1940 characterized by political instability yet cultural prosperity.
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21
Triple Entente (1907)
An alliance between France, England, and Russia, countering the threat posed by the Triple Alliance.
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22
Utopian Socialism
The idea of creating ideal communities that demonstrate the principles of socialism but often fail in practice.
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23
Democratic Socialism
A political ideology advocating for political democracy alongside social ownership of significant elements of the economy.
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24
Theories of Relativity
A scientific framework proposed by Albert Einstein that revolutionized the understanding of space and time.
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25
Yellow fever vaccine
A vaccine developed by Dr. Walter Reed and William Gorgas to combat yellow fever, a serious infectious disease.
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