HI 102 MT New Content

Captain James Cook

The first to conquer Australia.

Gold Rush (1851)

A period that led to an influx of settlers and missionaries to Australia, contributing to its growth.

The Irish Question

A debate on how England should handle Ireland's status, including calls for freedom or unification.

Act of Union of 1800

Legislation that united Great Britain and Ireland under a single government.

Great Irish Potato Famine (1845-1852)

A devastating famine that led to the death of thousands and significant population decline in Ireland.

Darwinism

The theory of evolution by natural selection, formulated by Charles Darwin.

Socialism

An economic system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Utilitarianism

The ethical theory that actions are right if they promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number, associated with philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.

Fabian Society

A socialist organization established in 1884, promoting 'evolutionary socialism' through gradual reform.

Modernism

A broad cultural movement that embraced new ideas and rejected traditional forms, characterized by theological liberalism.

Revolutionary Nationalism

An ideology that emphasizes national identity based on shared race, language, culture, and history, often coupled with xenophobia.

Immanuel Kant

A German philosopher known for his work on morality based on reason, introducing the concept of the 'Categorical Imperative'.

Congress of Vienna (1815)

A conference of European powers that aimed to restore the pre-Napoleon status quo in Europe.

Simon Bolivar

A leader in the South American independence movement against Spanish rule, known as 'The Liberator'.

Revolutions of 1848

A series of political upheavals across Europe that generally ended with a return to conservative power.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

An Italian general and nationalist known for his role in unifying Italy, leading the 'Red Shirts'.

Otto von Bismarck

The Chancellor of Prussia who unified Germany through 'blood and iron' policies and realpolitik.

Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)

The conflict that led to the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership and the establishment of the German Empire.

Dual Monarchy

The political structure created in 1867 that governed Austria-Hungary as two distinct nations under a single monarch, Francis Joseph I.

The Third French Republic

The government of France from 1870 to 1940 characterized by political instability yet cultural prosperity.

Triple Entente (1907)

An alliance between France, England, and Russia, countering the threat posed by the Triple Alliance.

Utopian Socialism

The idea of creating ideal communities that demonstrate the principles of socialism but often fail in practice.

Democratic Socialism

A political ideology advocating for political democracy alongside social ownership of significant elements of the economy.

Theories of Relativity

A scientific framework proposed by Albert Einstein that revolutionized the understanding of space and time.

Yellow fever vaccine

A vaccine developed by Dr. Walter Reed and William Gorgas to combat yellow fever, a serious infectious disease.