history exam 3

A new civilization __*emerges from the Greco Roman Empire. What is this civilization called*__

Christendom

The christian church had to shift from a belief in the rapid conclusion to the world to what

To the belief that Christianity will be continues presence in the world (Jesus is not returning as soon as they thought)

Jesus is an

Apocalyptic prophet

List the maturation of the Christian church

1) move from oral tradition to written tradition 2) development of rituals, communion, hierarchy 3) development of accommodationist ideology 4) rejection of radical revolutionary strains of Christianity

What is the most powerful institution in Europe

The church

Why is the church useful to the state

Serves as a public good and they do not have to pay taxes

Wrong thinking

HERASY

History of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire was written by

Edward gibbons

Assigns Christian’s reasons for success

Edward gibbons

Quid pro quo

You do something , like sacrifice something and then God responds

Reasons that Christianity rose

The doctrine of immortality, miracles, morality, organization

What did pope Gregory the greats missionary blueprint say

Don’t get too carried away with the “you have to do this to be a member of the church”

The state made illegal the

Deconstruction of pagan shrines

Pope Gregory said what about sacrificing animals

If the people insist on sacrificing animals let them do it. Just so long as they sacrifice it to God

God agriculture

Saturnalia

One way to manage a group of strangers (kind of government in the Middle Ages)

Feudalism

A persistence threat to southern Europe

Muslims

Area of Hungary a threat in the east

Magyars

A threat from the north

Vikings

The military of the feudalism

Fief

Social implications of feudalism

Warrior nobility, paid taxes in blood

The warrior nobility in feudalism gained control of who/what

The fief

The fact that the warrior nobility gained political control of the fief made the power of the government go to

Power of the government was in private hands

Another way that the mid evil society controlled society and a type of society

Manorialism

This type of society had peasant and serfs

Manorialism

In this type of society the townspeople are free and the fiefs could have several farms

Manorialism

another type of society in the mid evil times

Guild system

What types of things was the guild system focused on

Learning the trades, protecting the marker, caring for workers, they had their own hall in town to enforce the rules

Throughout the Middle Ages the what functioned more importantly than anything else

Church

The bread and wine turn the wine and bread into the blood and body of Christ

Transubstantiation

The saturnalia was a festival in which they celebrated the God of agriculture. This was considered to be the

Best of times. Gifts were given. And emerged as a festival to mark the end of growing season

Who chose December the 25 as Christmas

Pope Julius 1

Why did the church chose this date as Christmas

To adopt and absorb the traditions of the pagan saturnalia festival.

God of the unconquerable sun

Cult of mithra

What must the church do to survive

Get people to church, offer alternative sources of magic etc

Relics- shroud of Turin

Clothe laid on Christ in the tomb. Example of magic

What the church has that other institutions don’t that makes them the most powerful

Salvation, education, wealth (especially the land attached to the church)

Passed on by non genetic means

Culture

The seven sacraments of the church (Catholic Church)

Baptism, confession, communion, confirmation, matrimony, holy orders, extreme unction(annointing of the sick)

How old are Catholics saved

Eight

How old are Protestants saved

Twelve

Primogeniture (the oldest son inherits everything)

Monastic communities (a church problem)

Socially assigned role to the sex

Gender

The issue of control

Investiture conflict (another problem of the church)

Henry the 4 was stripped of the crown by

The church. Thought he should be deciding who the leaders were. Disagreed with the church so they church said he should go to hell.

Pope Gregory the 7

Brought Henry the 4 back into the church

Henry the 4

Lost the battle with the church

Thomas Aquinas linked

Logic and reason. He said all humans desire an eternal soul everything in nature has a purpose therefore salvation will happen

All authority comes form

The church and body

What three reasons will make the church collapse

Church crisis, nobility/military crisis, bubonic plague

The three legs of the Catholic Church stool

Bible, church, tradition

Civilization comes with the

Church

No salvation outside of the

Church

Wealth- has titles and land and then cars of good works. Not about the

Money

Place where you go to be purged of your sins in the Catholic Church

Purgatory

Indulgences of good works

Good works

The church as an institution has moral and monetary authority. So the church does what

Wins any dispute between it and the state

Who was involved int eh first church crisis. The crown versus the church

France vs England

Who did pope boniface VIII challenge

Philip IV (the fair)

Who won in pope boniface VIII and Philip IV

Philip IV

What is papal bull

What people should be believing

Pope boniface VIII launched two things what were they

1) clericis laicos and the anti-papal campaign

What does ascult fili mean

Listen my son

Who are the estate generals

Support the crown/congress. Support the opposition of the pope

Who was the first Avignon pope (French)

Pope clement

Pope clement was _- to the king

Loyal

Selling church offices

Venality

First years salary. The state would take the first years salary after the person buys office for themselves

Annates

Church is looking more and more human and less and less divine

The great schism

The pope said to support the church but who said no

Philip IV

Since the great schism occurred the church ends up with how many popes

3

During the people versus the church what movement occurred

The reform movement

Cynicism creeping into faith

Reform movement

Priest can be removed from the relationship

Mysticism

Idea you can have a relationship with God without the church

Mysticism

The new deviation or the brethren of the common life

Gerard grootes

Thomas á Kempis

Imitation of Christ. Kind of like what would Jesus do

Says teh church can not be reformed

Pollards and John Wycliffe

During the heretical movement what began being translated

The Bible began being read in vernacular. The language of the people

Rationale for nobility (military creates a privileged elite)

Nobles

Prerogatives of the state

Significance. Power (decide now your people need to be punished)

How did France lose the Hundred Years’ War

Because they English had long bows to fight and it was also called the battle of crecy

Illiterate prophet

Muhammad

The third kalethfor. Standardized the Karen

Uthman

Who helped strengthen the power of the crown

Crusades

For Protestants only one legged stool

the Bible

The fact that the church loses authority makes the __ lose authority

Nobles

Sing that God is perhaps communicating with them

Portent

First four leaders after Muhammad died.

Rashidun

The ___ plague is another reason the church failed

Bubonic

The population is always going to grow faster than the food supply

Malthusian crisis. Thomas Malthusian

The survivors of the bubonic plague have more food and becomes

Healthier

How much of the population does the bubonic plague wipe out

30-50%

Arabic kingdoms flourished in the area now known as

Yemen

Domesticated Camels made what kingdoms prosper

Arabic

Pastoralists (herders) versus southerners

Robert sapolsky

Thieves can’t steal crops but they can steal __

Herds

So pastoralists, says sapolsky

Develop warrior classes, develop monotheism, foster cultures of honor

By 500s Christina’s and Jews move into

Arabian peninsula

Early Mecca resulted in

An oasis in Hejaz