Resource alliance

Malthusian theory

* He predicted that the population would grow faster the food supply would grow, which would lead to famine and starvation
* Population grew geometrically(1,2,4,8,16)
* Food supply grew arithmetically(1,2,3,4,5)
* He predicted that when the population would increase over the food supply it would lead to positive checks, which increase the death rate and reduces the total population, which includes disease and famine
* When the population then decreases again, preventative checks will be put in place which will prevent the population from rising past food supply, which include contraception, family planning etc.(point of crisis)

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Boserupian theory

* Predicted that the population would never outgrow the food supply, because as the population increased and the demand for food increased, a new invention was created that increased the rate of food production, such as better farming techniques or new technology
* This causes the rate of food production to increase more than rate population growth.
* Examples of this include GM crops, fertilisers
* She was more optimistic and believed that “necessity being the mother of invention”
* However, this theory ignores environmental impact of population growth which is believed to be one of the greatest problems that contribute to destruction of climate change

Tanzania’s location

* In the continent of Africa, and is to the south of the equator and is sub-Saharan, it borders the eastern coast onto the Indian Ocean, and is south of Kenya and north of Mozambique

Tanzania’s Food security

* Ranked 98th out of 109 countries in the Global Food security Index with a score of 33.7 out of 100 and is rated a *needs improvement*
* In the Global Hunger Index(GHI) it is ranked 89th out of 116 countries with a score of 28.7 our out of 100, and is a *serious* rating

Local scale/Bottom-up solution to food security facts(Goat Aid)

* 1999 UK-based charity, Farm African ran a goat aid programmed with the aim of improving household nutrition and income for villagers
* It imported Toggenburg goats at a cost of £400 each and invested a total of £200,000
* The villagers were trained in how to keep and care for the goats, including how to treat simple diseases
* The cost of the goats had to repaid which is called “on credit”. Which is a way to people to value and take care of the goats

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Goat Aid positives

* Farmers in the Goat AID scheme made approximately 2,000,000 shillings in profit compared to only 800,000 shillings in profit being made from farmers that aren’t in the scheme
* 3 litres of a milk produced a day
* 11% of the income from Goat Aid is spent on food while in the UK 18% of their income is spent on food, showing that Goat Aid is helping increase food security

Goat Aid negatives

* Goats require a lot of water, which is a scarce resource
* Vetinary bills can be expensive if the goats get sick
* Will have little impact on the countries food security

Top down solution to food security facts(Canada Wheat Program)

* Between 1968 and 1993 Canada provided $95 million of AID
* Covered 26,400 hectares in Hanang District in Northern Tanzania
* Canada helped to develop sustainable seeds and provided expertise training, fertilisers and machinery

Canada Wheat Positives

* Provided about 60% of all Tanzania’s wheat(social and economic)
* In 1992 drought, Tanzania was the only southern African country not to rely on food AID(Economic)
* Provides a food source for animals, which can be harvested for food(Environmental)

Canada wheat negatives

* Yield was low. cheaper to import wheat(Economic)
* Only 1 crop was grown, biodiversity and soil fertility decreased(Environmental and social- less crops can grown on the same fields later, so less food can be produced long term)
* Competition for local farmers due to machinery

Present attempt to achieve food security aims(SAGCOT)

* To improve farming in Tanzania in a growth corridor
* To increase food production for it’s own food security and exporting and to create jobs
* 3 aims by 2030:
* Annual farming revenue of $1.2 billion
* 2 million people lifted out of poverty
* 1.14 billion invested road, rail electricity, and water infrastructure

3 Early investors of SAGCOT

* China: provided $39 million for improving the railway
* European union: investing $4.7 for hydro-electricity generation
* Tanzania port authority invested $18 million in port storage and handling equipment

Successes of SAGCOT

* Better price of rice due to improved access to markets, meaning it is cheaper so more can access (Social)
* 7300 other rice growers in 11 villages are now connected with better facilities, which increases rice production(Economic)
* Doubled rice yield, some farms produce 8x more rice than before(social and economic)

Criticisms of SAGCOT

* Some small landowners have lost their land to way for commercial farming
* Nomandic tribes have lost access to water for their animals
* A lot of promised investments have not been given