English final semester 1

Loss of childhood innocence

Becoming mature and realizing that there are bad things that happen in the world.

Heartbreak and emotional turmoil

a dull ache, others as piercing, while still others experience it as a crushing sensation

Struggle to find yourself/fit in

some don't necessarily know ourselves well enough to fully understand our true selves, this means that we will never be 100% sure of who we are, what we believe, and what we stand for

Gaining independence through significant life events

Community challenges

•Incongruence of values

•Lack of research/practice skills

•Funding issues

•Who owns the data?

•Significant time commitment to build and sustain relationship

Where is the "power"?

Taking emotional risks

doing something where you could be uncomfortable and/or rejected.

Taking physical risks

the choice of an act "that could result in physical injury when there are alternative behaviors that do not do so

Leaving your community/ change of environment

making changes to your environment makes it easier to do what's right without having to think about staying motivated, if you set up your surroundings so that making the best decisions comes easily, then you can set yourself up to practice better habits.

Allegory

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.

Fable

A brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters

Irony

A contrast between expectation and reality

Satire

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

Author's purpose

The reason the author has for writing. ( Inform, persuade, express, & entertain)

Five types of propaganda

1. Logical Fallacy

2. Glittering Generalities

3. Testimonial

4.Name calling

5. Fear

Animal Farm Commandments

Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.

Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.

No animal shall wear clothes.

No animal shall sleep in a bed.

No animal shall drink alcohol.

No animal shall kill any other animal.

All animals are equal.

Forms of Government (AF)

totalitarian state, soviet communism

Cycle of Revolution (AF)

George Orwell was a story of tyranny, oppression, revolution, and then the repetition of that cycle.

Animalism

Marxist Communism

Benjamin (Animal Farm)

Skeptical people in Russia and outside Russia

Boxer (Animal Farm)

Russia's working class

Chickens (Animal Farm)

The Ukrainian peasants

The Dogs (Animal Farm)

secret police

Mollie (Animal Farm)

Valn, selfish people in Russia and world

Mr. Fredericks/Pilkington

Two farmers that were out to get animal farm. Napoleon sells a pile to Fredericks, and ends up being cheated. Fredericks also destroys the windmill with dynamite after the pigs attack. Fredericks=Hitler Pilkington=Winston Churchill

Mr. Jones (Animal Farm)

Tsar Nicholas II

Napoleon (Animal Farm)

Joseph Stalin

Old Major (Animal Farm)

Vladimir Lenin

Sheep (Animal farm)

the part of society that allows others to manipulate them

Snowball (Animal Farm)

Leon Trotsky

Squealer (Animal Farm)

Stalins head of communist propaganda

Things Fall Apart Setting(s)

Nigeria (fictional village of Umuofia)

Author's purpose (Things Fall Apart)

He wants to educate his readers about the value of his culture as an African. Things Fall Apart provides readers with an insight of Igbo society right before the white missionaries' invasion on their land.

Major conflicts (Things Fall Apart)

The conflict is between the traditional society of Umuofia and the new customs brought by the whites, which are in turn adopted by many of the villagers. Okonkwo also struggles to be as different from his deceased father as possible.

Proverbs (TFA)

good things get to great people first before they reach people who are not as great

Tragic Hero (TFA)

Okonkwo

Abame (TFA)

When Obierika brings several bags of cowries to Okonkwo, he brings bad news, the village (Abame) had been destroyed

Ani (TFA)

The goddess of fertility

Chi (TFA)

an individual's personal god, whose merit is determined by the individual's good fortune or lack thereof.

Chielo (TFA)

A priestess in Umuofia who is dedicated to the Oracle of the goddess Agbala.

Christian converts (TFA)

Okonkwo, the main character, deals with a set of missionaries that come into his mother's tribe. They tell him, along with his community, that their beliefs and religion are wrong and that they should convert over to Christianity that only worships one God

Cowries (TFA)

a kind of mollusk related to snails and found in warm seas; especially the shells of the money cowrie, formerly used as currency in parts of Africa and southern Asia

District Commissioner (TFA)

a high-ranking British official who has been placed in charge of upholding the government, religion, and new laws that the colonists have set up in Umuofia

Efulefu (TFA)

worthless men in the eyes of the community

Egwugwu (TFA)

a representative of an ancestor from one of the villages that comprise Umuofia; Being an egwugwu is an honor, and men chosen to be egwugwu are respected within Umuofia

Ekwefi (TFA)

Okonkwo's second wife, mother of Ezinma

Enoch (TFA)

a quarrelsome man who takes up the white man's religion and rejects the religion of his ancestors

Evil Forest (TFA)

The head egwugwu who speaks the decision of the egwugwu in meetings, also the place where twins are thrown; the new Christians build a church here

Ezinma (TFA)

Okonkwo's eldest daughter and Ekwefi's only child to survive past infancy

Ikemefuna (TFA)

a fifteen-year-old boy from the neighboring village of Mbaino who is given to Umuofia as recompense for the killing of an Umuofian woman by Ikemefuna's father (Okonkwo)

Iyi-uwa (TFA)

sacred stone which links ogbanje to spirit world, solves recurring deaths

Kola nuts

Is the food always broken and shared among visiting friends.

Mbanta (TFA)

The village of Okonkwo's mother. He is exiled there for 7 years.

Mr. Brown (TFA)

the first white Christian missionary in Umuofia and Mbanta

Mr. Smith (TFA)

he's strict and uncompromising when it comes to religion, and even throws people out of his congregation for practicing native rituals

Nwoye

Okonwo's first wife's son, converts to Christianity after being captured by the "poetry" of the religion, renamed Isaac

ogbanje

a changeling; a child who repeatedly dies and returns to its mother to be reborn

Obierika

Okonkwo's friend, sells Okonkwo's yams when he is gone, Maduka's father

Okonkwo

An influential clan leader in Umuofia. Since early childhood, Okonkwo's embarrassment about his lazy, squandering, and effeminate father, Unoka, has driven him to succeed. Okonkwo's hard work and prowess in war have earned him a position of high status in his clan, and he attains wealth sufficient to support three wives and their children. Okonkwo's tragic flaw is that he is terrified of looking weak like his father. As a result, he behaves rashly, bringing a great deal of trouble and sorrow upon himself and his family.

Oracle/Agbala

The Oracle of the Hills and the Caves, who influences all aspects of Umuofian life. She is based on the real Oracle at Awka, who controlled Igbo life for centuries.

Umuofia

Okonkwo's village

Unoka

Okonkwo's lazy, gentle, and idle father, debtor, good flute player, scared of blood, failure

Week of Peace

week leading up to the new planting of yams; meant to pay respect to the earth goddess to try and obtain a good harvest

Festival of the New Yam

Meant to praise the earth goddess. Begins before the actual harvest and everyone has to get rid of their old yams.

Yams (TFA)

symbolize the sustainability of life, masculinity, and a man's ability to provide for his family

Alliteration

Repetition of initial consonant sounds

Allusion

A reference to another work of literature, person, or event

Argument

A statement put forth and supported by evidence

Audience

the listener, viewer, or reader of a text

Claim

An assertion, usually supported by evidence

Climax

Most exciting moment of the story; turning point

Conflict

A struggle between opposing forces

Connotation

an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

Counterclaim

a claim made to rebut a previous claim.

Denotation

The dictionary definition of a word

Detail

an individual feature, fact, or item.

Diction

A writer's or speaker's choice of words

five types of imagery

visual(seeing)

olfactory(hearing)

gustatory(taste)

auditory(hearing)

tactile(touch)

Five Types of Conflicts

person vs. self, person vs. person, person vs. society, person vs. fate, person vs. nature

imply

to suggest

Metaphor

A comparison without using like or as

Oxymoron

A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.