functionalist view of family

functionalist main idea

Functionalist sociologists see education as performing important functions that benefit society as a whole. Education helps maintain social order by socializing individuals into shared norms and values, preparing them for work, and ensuring that society functions smoothly.

Talcott Parsons

• there are 2 basic functions of the modern nuclear family, which are: - Parsons believed these functions were essential for a stable society

• the stabilisation of adult personalities - a place where adults can relax and release tensions so they can return to the workforce refreshed - emotional security and support - parental responsibilities - warm bath theory

• primary socialization of children - teaching children shared norms and values

Functional fit theory:

• As societies changed (e.g., from traditional to industrial), the structure and function of the family changed too.

• Pre-industrial society: Extended families were common.

• Industrial society: The Nuclear family became dominant because it was more geographically and socially mobile (able to move for work).

criticisms - Again, feminists argue this view is too idealistic and ignores domestic abuse, gender inequality, and the burden on women.

George Murdock

• the 4 main functions of the nuclear family:

• sexual - Stable sexual relationships between adults, which prevents sexual disruption in society.

• Reproductive – Produces the next generation (children), ensuring society continue

• Economic – Provides food, shelter, and financial support.

• Educational (socialisation) – Teaches norms and values to children; primary socialisation.

Murdock argued that the family is a universal institution because these functions are essential for the survival of society.

Criticism: Feminists argue that Murdock’s view is too positive and ignores the oppression of women. Marxists say he ignores the family’s role in supporting capitalism.

Bell and Vogel - dysfunctions and conflict within the family

• Emotional scapegoating

  • The family can create dysfunction. For example, parents may take out their frustrations on their children, who become scapegoats for adult conflict.

  • This may meet the parents’ emotional needs, but it can harm the children psychologically.

  b. Conflict still serves a function

  • Even though conflict or dysfunction occurs, the family still contributes to the overall stability of society by absorbing tensions.

  This approach accepts that families aren't always harmonious, which is more realistic than Parsons’s or Murdock’s view.

evaluation points for exams

• Functionalists present the family as positive, stable, and beneficial — but ignore conflict, inequality, and diversity.

• Feminists say functionalism ignores patriarchy (male dominance) in families.

• Marxists argue the family supports capitalism by reproducing obedient workers and passing down wealth.

• Postmodernists would say there is no single "ideal" family structure — families today are diverse.