Diversity ch1 (not including textbook stuff yall)

1.1 Identifying,Naming, and Classifying Species

The morphological species concept

(Say definition, pro, and con for each concept u baddie)

• Body shape, size, structure

• pro: simple

• con: “how much difference is too much?”

The biological species concept

• the ability to produce fertile offspring

• Pro: widely used by scientists

• Con: not always applicable

  (horse + donkey=sterile)

  (elephant +giraffe=x)

  (bacteria=asexual)

The phylogenetic species concept

• the evolutionary relationship among species

• Pro: applied to extinct species

• Con: not all history is known

Binomial Nomenclature States…

• 2 word latin naming by Cavolus Linnaeus

  1) First word: Genus (capitalize first letter)

  2) Second word: identity species(italics/underline)

• Ex Canis lupis

Hierarchial Classification (pg.14)

• arranged in categories from most general to most specific

Taxonomic Categories

+ define taxonomy

Taxonomy> identifies, names, and classifies species

• classified by 8 ranks(level:phylum), each rank is a taxon(group: phylum chordata)

1.2 Determining How Species are Related

Anatomical Evidence of Relationships

+define anatomy

Anatomy> structure and form with internal systems

• Bone arrangements can hint if animals shared an ancestor

  Ex dino vs birds

• Closely related cause of large hollow spaces in bones

Physiological evidence of relationships

+define physiology

Physiology> deals with physical and chemical functions of organisms

• comparing proteins determining genetic similarities

  Ex. Fungus vs crocodile

• Share similar DNA

Phylogenetic Traits and parts

• A branching diagram used to show evolutionary relationships

  -base:ancestral species(common ancestor)

  -Upper Ends:present day

  -Forks: when they evolve

Why is classification important?

• reclassification can have conservation implications

• Ex. One species can be protected but once reclassified its not anymore

1.3 Kingdoms and domains

The six kingdoms

1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

3. Protists

4. Fungi

5. Plants

6. Animalia

The 3 Domains

1. Bacteria

2. Archaea

3. Eukarya -protista, fungi, plantae, animaliaz

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes :

• most ancient

• Lacks organelles

• NO nucleus

Eukaryotes:

• many organelles

• True nucleus

• More complex, larger

Kingdom Characteristics

Theres like cell wall, nutrition, and reproduction but you legit js have to memorize the whole chart on pg.29

1.4 Classifying Types of Biodiversity

3 Types of Biodiversity

1. Species Diversity: Variety and abundance of species in an area

2. Genetic Diversity: Variety of inherited genes within a species

3. Ecosystem Diversity: variety of ecosystems on earth

Species Diversity

• high vs low depends on factors like temp, water access, predators, human influence

Genetic Diversity

+define gene pool

Gene pool> Genetic diversity within a population

• Genes control the expression and inheritance of traits

• Always greater within a species than a population

Lack or genetic diversity = disease,environment change

Ecosystem Diversity

• largest scale

• The variety of ecosystems in the biosphere(where life in one earth-biotic/abiotic)

• Range from size(single plant to entire biome)

• Organisms are benefitted by sustainable ecosystems

  ex. Food,fuel,habitats pg.34