Anatomy Day 1

Anatomic Kinesiology

Study of human musculoskeletal system & musculotendinous system (muscles n tendons)

How many muscles are in the human body?

Around 600

Anatomical position

Upright posture, feet parallel, palms out

Fundamental position

Upright posture, feet parallel, palms in

Anterior

Anteroinferior

Anterosuperior

The entire front

The front and below

The front and above

Anterolateral

Anteromedial

Anteroposterior

The sides of the front

The middle of the front

The front and back

Posterior

Posteroinferior

Posterosuperior

The back

The back and below

The back and above

Posteromedial

Posterlateral

The middle back

The sides of backside

Contralateral

Ipsalateral

Bilateral

Relating to the opposite side

Relating to the same side

Relating to right and left side (such as right and left arm)

Inferior (infra)

Superior (supra)

Below another structure (caudal)

Above another structure (cephalic)

Inferolateral

Inferomedial

Superolateral

Superomedial

Below and outside

Below and midline

Above and outside

Above and midline

Deep

Superficial

Below the surface (depth)

Near the surface (relative depth)

Distal

Proximal

Away from the torso/point of origin or attachment

Closest to the torso/point of origin or attatchment/trunk

Lateral

Medial

Median

On or to the side, farther from median (arms are lateral to the torso)

Toward the midline of the body (Torso is medial to arms)

Nearer to the midsagittal plane itself

Prone

Supine

Body laying downward (on belly)

Body laying upward (on back)

Dorsal

Ventral

Relating to the back of

Relating to the belly/abdomen

(almost like anterior and posterior)

Palmar

Volar

Plantar

Relating to the palm of hand

Relating to the palm of hand or sole of foot

Relating to the sole of foot

Anteversion

Retroversion

Excessive rotation forward (toes inward)

Excessive rotation outward (toes outward)

Kyphosis

Lordosis

Scoliosis

Increased outward curve in spine (saggital plane)

Increased inward curve in spine (sagittal plane)

Lateral curving of spine

Recurvatum

Valgus

Varus

Bending backward (like knee hyperextension)

Outward angulation of distal segment of bone/joint (knock-knees)

Inward angulation of distal segment of bone/joint (bow-legged)

Axial skeleton

Appendicular skeleton

Cephalic (head), cervical (neck) and trunk of body

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Arms and legs

How many bones are there in the human body?

206

Bones in axial and appendicular skeleton

Axial: 80

Appendicular: 126

What are the main functions of the skeleton?

Protects vital organs

Supports posture

Attaches muscles

Makes blood cells

Long bones

Short bones

Flat bones

Long shaft, contains medullary canal

Small, cubical, solid bones that usually articulate with more than 1 bone

Usually curved surface, vary from thick to thin

Irregular bones

Sesamoid bones

Include spine, pubix, maxilla, etc

Small bone embedded within tendon

Diaphysis

Epiphysis

Epiphyseal plate

Articular cartilage

Long cylindrical shaft

Ends of lone bones

Thin cartilage plate that separates diaphysis & epiphysis

Covers epiphysis to provide cushioning

Cavities

Articulation

Indentaitons/depressions

Connection of bones at joint to allow movement

Synarthrodial

Amphiarthrodial

Diarthrodial

Immovable joint (like skull suture)

Slightly movable joint

Freely movable joint (synovial)

Hyper

Hypo

Excessive motion

Less than average motion

Flexion

Extension

Shortening joint angle (bending in or downward)

Straightening joint angle (bending out or downward)