German and Italian Nationalism

Nationalism

The belief that (your) nation is superior and other nations are inferior.

3 Applications of Nationalism?

1. Unification
2. Division
3. State-Building

Who Owned Most of the Italian City-States?

Austria

Carbonari

First group to try to unify Italy, a secret society.

Young Italy Society

A public group that wanted to unify Italy, failed but led to an increased desire to unify.

Giuseppe Mazzini

A writer who founded the Young Italy Society

Camillo di Cavour (Count Cavour)

The prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, he leads the unification of Italy.

Foot in the Door Method

A phycological technique used by Cavour where you put your “foot in the door” to gain connections.

Crimean War (how it relates to France and Italy)

Cavour helped out in the Crimean war with France so he would gain connections.

Later, he promised them Nice and Savoy if they helped them if Austria attacks.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Unified southern Italy by force (Red Shirts), gave Cavour control after he asked him to stop.

Red Shirts

A small fighting force (led by Garibaldi) that used guerilla warefare.

Victor Emmanuel II

The old king of Piedmont-Sardinia, was the king of unified Italy.

Lateran Treaty

The Pope gave up control of the Papal States and Rome in trade for Vatican City being independent.

German Confederation

Contained 39 German States.

Zollverein

A trade union of participating German states, had no taxes/tarrifs. Gained political ties because of economic ties created by this.

Wilhelm I

Prussian king, eventually Kaiser of unified Germany

Otto von Bismarck

Prussian prime minister, comes from the Junkers, said that the achievements of today didn’t come from speeches, they came from blood and iron.

Realpolitik

Picking goals that are obtainable and finding a realistic way to obtain them

Danish War

Prussia and Austria vs. Denmark. Prussia got Schleswig and Austria got Holstien

Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks War)

Prussia vs. Austria, Prussia wins easily but gives Austria very nice/lenient terms.

Franco-Prussian War

Prussia vs. France. Bismarck makes France a common enemy for North and South Germany and Prussia wins uniting Germany. Bismarck was not nice to them.

3 Terms:


1. France loses Alsace and Loraine
2. Big Money in Reperations France
3. German Empire Established (Wilhelm I Kaiser)

Dual Monarchy

Splitting a country into 2 thrones but the same person on both (two countries, same ruler)

Ems Dispatch

Bismarck edits a letter sent by Wilhelm I and makes it insulting to the French and that makes France attack Prussia.

Junkers

Wealthy, well educated, had a lot of land, kind of like the nobel class