Mass Media Final Exam

CATV (Community Antenna Television)

 first cable system that distribute broadcast channels in communities with poor television reception

must-carry rules

required cable operators to include all local TV broadcasts on their systems

access channels

nonbroadcast channels dedicated to local education, government, and the public

cable franchise

a mini-monopoly awarded by a city or torn, usually for a 15-year period

basic cable channels

less expensive cable packages

premium channels

more expensive cable packages

what happened in 1980 that expanded cable?

CNN becomes first cable 24-hour news network

who was the Big Three in the cable industry?

Fox, UPN, WB

What are the the two types of revenue models in ratings?

advertisers and subscribers

Nielsen ratings

percentage of TV households watched that episode

episode share

percentage of TV households who had their TV set turned on at that time were watching that episode

syndication

leasing the right to air TV shows

first-run syndication

originally produced for sale into syndication markets

second-run syndications (reruns)

older programs originally run on a specific network, cable channel, or streaming service

subliminal advertising

 hidden or disguised messages that allegedly register in subconscious

mega advertising agencies

large ad firms that form when several agencies merge

wh

what are some examples of mega advertising agenices?

WPP, Omnicom, Publicis

storyboard - creative development

Copywriters, artists, designers create rough sketches, words, and final graphics for print and online ads + develop storyboards for TV

product placement

products featured in shows in exchange for promotional support from the brands

P.T. Barnum

used gross exaggeration, fraudulent stories, and staged events to secure newspaper coverage

Ivy Lee

early PR practitioner + emphasized the importance of telling the truth

Edward Bernays

applied social-scientific research techniques to public relations (psychology and sociology)

earned media

 favorable coverage resulting from a PR person's work to earn the trust of a journalist + perform damage control or crisis management to counter negative publicity + use paid media (advertising)

lobbying

attempting to influence lawmakers to support and vote in favor of an organization's or industry's best interests + work to prevent burdensome government regulation

tension between PR and the press

Press accuses PR of undermining facts and blocking access + press accuses PR of promoting publicity and business as news

ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency)

development of microprocessors and fiber-optic cables laid the foundation for commercialization of the Internet

dial up and broadband

Broadband connections allowed for much faster  internet download speeds than a telephone dial-up

f

filter bubbles

spaces where we are exposed only to ideas that match our own beliefs

confirmation bias

favoring information that conforms to our preexisting beliefs over information that challenges them

surveillance capitalism

making money by controlling users' personal data

data mining

tracking search histories, locations, browser settings, and other user information

cookies

computer files that automatically collect and transfer between a website and a user's browser

digital divide

contrast between those who can afford a computer and Internet pay and those who may not be able to

absolutist ethics

moral society has laws and codes that everyone must live by

situational ethics

ethical decisions on a case-by-case basis

herd journalism

reporters staking out a house + following a story in such herds that the entire profession comes under attacks + invading people's privacy, exploiting their personal problems, or getting the story wrong

experts

reporters serve as mediators to deliver specialized knowledge + line between remaining neutral and being an expert has blurred with the rise of cable news, radio, and podcasting

John Peter Zenger