Y=f(x) must be continuous at each:
-Critical Point or undefined and endpoints
Local Minimum
Goes (-,0,+) or (-, und, +)
Local Maximum
Goes (+,0,-) or (+, und, -)
Point of Inflection
Concavity Changes
(+,0,-) or (-,0,+)
(+,und,-) or (-,und,+)
D/dx(sinx)
Cosx
D/dx(cosx)
-sinx
D/dx(tanx)
SecĀ²x
D/dx(cotx)
-cscĀ²x
D/dx(secx)
Secxtanx
D/dx(cscx)
-cscxcotx
D/dx(lnx)
1/x
D/dx(ln(n))
1/n
D/dx(eāæ)
Eāæ
ā«Cosx
Sinx
ā«-sinx
Cosx
ā«SecĀ²x
Tanx
ā«-cscĀ²x
Cotx
ā«Secxtanx
Secx
ā«-cscxcotx
Cscx
ā«1/n
Ln(n)
ā«Eāæ
Eāæ
When doing integrals never forget
Constant (+c)
ā«Axāæ
A/n+1(xāæāŗĀ¹)+C
ā«Tanx
Ln|secx|+c
Ln|cosx|+c
ā«Secx
Ln|secx+tanx|+c
D/dx(sinā»Ā¹u)
1/ā1-uĀ²
D/dx(cosā»Ā¹x)
-1/ā1-xĀ²
D/dx(tanā»Ā¹x)
1/1+xĀ²
D/dx(cotā»Ā¹x)
-1/1+xĀ²
With derivative inverses
You plug in the number of the trigonometric function into x
D/dx(secā»Ā¹x)
1/|x|āxĀ²-1
D/dx(cscā»Ā¹x)
-1/|x|āxĀ²-1
D/dx(aāæ)
Aāæln(a)
D/dx(Logāx)
1/xln(a)
Chain Rule
Take derivative of outside of parenthesis
Take derivative of inside parenthesis and keep the original of what was in the parenthesis
For example, sin(xĀ²+1)ā 2xcos(xĀ²+1)
Product Rule
d/dx first times second + first times d/dx second
Quotient Rule
LoDHi-HiDLo/LoLo
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
ā«(a to b) f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)
Basically saying that Fā(x)=f(x)
fĀ relativeĀ maxāf āĀ goesĀ from
Positive to negative
fĀ relativeĀ mināf āĀ goesĀ from
Negative to positive
Intermediate Value Theorem
If I pick an X value that is included on a continuous function, I will get a Y value, within a certain range, to go with it.
Mean Value Theorem
If function is continuous on [a,b] and first derivative exist on interval (a,b), then there is at least one number (c) such that fā(c)=f(b)-f(a)/b-a
Rolleās Theorem with Mean Value Theorem
If function is continuous on [a,b] and first derivative exist on interval (a,b), and f(a)=f(b) then there is at least one number x=c such that fā(c)=0
Trapezoidal Rule
The average of left hand point method and right hand point method
Theorem of mean value and average value
1/b-a ā«f(x)dx which is the average value
Disk Method
V=Ļā«[R(x)]Ā²dx
Washer Method
Ļā«(R(x))Ā²-(r(x))Ā²dx
General volume equation
V=ā«area(x)dx
-If no shape is given, then you just take the integral of the function
Distance, Velocity, and Acceleration
Velocity is d/dx of position
Acceleration is d/dx of velocity
Displacement
ā«(Velocity)dt
Distance
ā«|Velocity|dt
Speed
The absolute value of velocity
Average Velocity
Final Position-Initial Position/Total time
cos(0)
1
sin(0)
0
Pie circle starts with
Ļ/6
tan(Ļ/3)
ā3
tan(Ļ/6)
ā3/3
tan(90ā°)
Undefined
Double Argument
sin2x=2sinxcosx
cos2x=cosĀ²x-sinĀ²x=1-2sinĀ²x
cosĀ²x=1/2(1+cos2x)
sinĀ²x=1/2(1-cos2x)
Pythagorean Identity
sinĀ²x+cosĀ²x=1
LāHopital Rule
If limit equals 0/0 or ā/ā, then you can take the derivative