Chapter 11 review

Small intestine sections

Small intestine sections

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Large intestine

Colon

Pepsin

Enzyme breaking down protein, secreted by the stomach

Barium swallow

Upper GI series using contrast medium to visualize esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine

Ulcer

Eroded tissue area with a crater-like appearance; Peptic ulcers in stomach and duodenum

Dysentery

GI disorders with acute inflammation caused by microorganism invasion in the colon lining

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Common intestinal disorder without inflammation or lesions

Inguinal hernia

Small intestine and peritoneum pouching into the groin area

Symptoms of Inguinal hernia

 a bulge in the groin or scrotum and groin pain that increases with bending or lifting and is relieved by lying down (sudden pain, nausea, and vomiting, chances are the hernia has become strangulated- needs immediate surgery)

Hemorrhoids

Varicose veins in the rectum causing itching, bleeding, and pain

Symptoms of Hemorrhoids

itching, bleeding with bowel movements, and rectal pain

Achalasia

Esophageal disorder causing swallowing pain; peristaltic movement of the lower portion of the esophagus does not function properly making it difficult for food/liquid to get to the stomach

Aging-related upper digestive system problem

Tooth loss

Ulcer disease incidence in aging population

Increased due to decreased stomach circulation

Gluten-induced enteropathy

Celiac disease, immune reaction that sensitizes individuals to gluten proteins treated with diet

Internal hemorrhoids inspection

might need visual inspection with an anoscope (lighted tube for anus) or proctoscope (lighted tube for rectum)

Sphincter muscles

Control cardiac and pyloric openings