muscles

buccinator

used to suck in your cheeks

frontalis

wrinkles the forehead horizontally

masseter

prime mover of jaw closure

orbicularis oculi

used in winking

orbicularis oris

the kissing msucle

temporalis

synergist muscle for jaw closure

trapezius

prime mover in elevation of the shoulder

allows you to shrug your shoulders or extend your head

zygomaticus

used to show you’re happy

frontal belly of the epicranius

pulls the eyebrows superiorly

occipital belly of the epicranius

pulls the scalp posteriorly

platysma

draws the corners of the lips downward (clown muscle)

deltoid

prime mover for shoulder abduction

antagonist for the lats

diaphragm

an unpaired muscle; acts with the internal and external intercostals to accomplish inspiration

internal and external intercostals

deep muscles of the thorax that promote the inspiratory phase of breathing

external oblique

part of the abdominal girdle; forms the external lateral walls of the abdomen

internal oblique & transverse abdominus

two muscle pairs that help form the natural abdominal girdle

pectoralis major

prime mover for shoulder flexion and adduction

rectus abdominus

means “straight muscle of the abdomen

sternocleidomastoid

acting alone, each muscle of this pair turns the head towards the opposite shoulder

erector spinae

prime mover of back extension; a deep composite muscle consisting of three columns

latissimus dorsi

muscle that adducts the shoulder and causes extension of the shoulder joint

quadratus lumbordum

fleshy muscle forming part of the posterior abdominal wall that helps maintain upright posture

adductors

muscle group that allows you to draw your legs to the midline of your body, as when standing at attention

fibularis muscles

muscle group of the lateral leg; plantar flex and evert foot

gastrocnemius

toe dancer’s muscle; a two-bellied muscle on the calf

gluteus maximus

used to extend the hip when climbing stairs

gluteus medius

smaller hip muscle commonly used as an injection site

hamstrings

muscle group that extends the thigh and flexes the knee

iliopsoas

hip flexor, deep in pelvis; a composite of two muscles

quadriceps

muscle group that extends the knee

sartorius

straplike muscle that is a weak thigh flexor; like the tailor’s muscle

\*longest muscle

soleus

like the two-bellied muscle that lies over it, this muscle is a plantar flexor

tibialis anterior

inverts and dorsiflexes the foot

biceps brachii

muscle that allows you to bend (flex) the elbow

extensor carpi radialis

found in posterior compartment of the forearm

extensor digitorum

muscle that extends the fingers

flexor carpi ulnaris

wrist flexor that follows the ulna

flexor digitorum superficialis

muscle tht flexes the fingers

triceps brachii

muscle that extends the elbow

what is the deepest abdominal muscle?

transversus abdominus

what is isotonic movement?

tension remains the same; length can change

concentric

muscle shortens

eccentric

muscle lengthens

what is isometric movement?

length of the muscle remains the same; tension holds

(wall sit)

what do the muscles of he trunk do?

protect your spine

what are the muscles of the erector spinae?

illiocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

(i like spaghetti)

what is the order of the abdominal muscles from most superficial to deepest?

external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominus, transversus abdominus

what are the muscles in your hamstrings?

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendonosus

what are the muscles in your quadriceps?

rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medius

why is the psoas special?

it is the only muscle in the body that connects the upper trunk to the lower trunk

psoas

loin

what is the synergist to the iliac psoas?

rectus femoris- it crosses over the hip

what is the requirement to be a hamstring?

has to have its origin on the ischial tuberosity

which is not a hamstring msucle?

short head of the biceps femoris

what is the order of the hamstrings from lateral to medial?

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

(boys to men)

what is the synergist to the soleus?

gastrocnemius

hallucis

big toe

where do the short and long biceps femoris & the semis insert?

tibia

pollicus

thumb

where are your flexors in your upper body?

anterior side of upper body

where are our extensors in your upper body?

posterior side of upper body

where are your flexors in your lower body?

posterior side of lower body

where are your extensors in your lower body?

anterior side of lower body

name the seven ways to name a muscle

action of the muscle

shape of the muscle

location of the muscle’s origin and/or insertion

number of origins

location of muscle relative to a bone or body region

direction in which the muscle fibers run relative to some imaginary line

relative size of the muscle

what are the functions of muscles?

HRJM2

heat generation

regulate in and out

joint stability

movement

maintain posture

what are the special characteristics of muscles?

CE3

contract

extend

elasticity

exciteable-needs electric signal from nervous system

sarcolemma

muscle plasma membrane

sarcoplasm

cytoplasm of a muscle cell

what prefixes mean muscle?

myo, mys, sarco

what is the origin?

muscle attachment that remains fixed

what is the insertion?

muscle attachment that moves

what is the action?

what joint movement a muscle produces

(flexion, extension)

what do muscles only do?

pull

what is the agonist?

prime mover

what is the synergist?

helps the agonist

what is the antagonist?

opposes action of agonist

what is the order of the bundle within a bundle?

bundle/belly→fascicles→fibers→myofibrils→myofilaments

which bundles are organelles in the sarcoplasma?

myofibrils and myofilaments

what are the fibers also called?

muscle cells or myocytes

what is the main bundle/belly wrapped in?

epimysium

what are the fascicles wrapped in?

perimysium

what are the fibers wrapped in?

endomysium

what is special about skeletal muscle cells?

they are multinucleated

what is underneath the endomysium?

sarcolemma

what is the thin filament?

actin

what is the thick filament?

myosin

NMJ

neuro-muscular junction; where neuron “hovers” over muscle fiber

motor neuron

nerve cell that sends signals to muscle or gland

axon terminal

end of axon or neuron

synaptic cleft

space at NMJ

acetycholine (ACh)

neurotransmitter; chemical link w/ neuron and muscle

motor end plate

special area on sarcolemma just under the axon terminal

transverse tubules (t-tubules)

waffle wheel- bisecting myofibrils

sarcoplasmic reticulum

“blue sleeve”- wraps around each myofibril

terminal cisternae

special area of sarcoplasmic reticulum, stores Ca++ ions

triad

2 terminal cisternae & 1 t-tubule

actin

thin filament

tropomyosin

“tough parent” rope on binding sites

troponin

“ally to myosin” sits on top of TM

myosin

thick filament- golf ball heads for cross bridging