WW1

Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson led the United States as its 28th president, serving from 1913 to 1921, important to the war because for his role in leading the United States into the war, formulating the "Fourteen Points" for a post-war peace, and advocating for the League of Nations, which he believed would prevent future wars.

Wilhelm II

 He was the last German Emperor (also known as the Kaiser) and King of Prussia, ruling from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, He was important since he  helped set the course for Germany's entry into WWI.

Nicholas II:

uring World War I, Tsar Nicholas II's decision to take direct command of the Russian army, despite his lack of military experience, led to significant military setbacks, which contributed to the February Revolution of 1917 and his eventual abdication and execution. 

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo, served as the immediate catalyst that triggered World War I. 

David Lloyd George:

David Lloyd George, a leading Liberal politician, played a pivotal role in Britain's war effort during World War I, serving as Minister of Munitions (1915), Secretary of State for War (1916), and ultimately as Prime Minister (1916-1922). 

Vladimir Lenin:

Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks, pulled Russia out of World War I in 1918 through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, prioritizing ending the war to focus on consolidating Bolshevik power and addressing internal issues like the Russian Civil War.

League of Nations

an international organization that worked to prevent future wars and resolve disputes between countries

Fourteen Points-

was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. The principles were outlined in a January 8, 1918 speech on war aims and peace terms to the United States Congress by President Woodrow Wilson.

Zimmerman Telegram-

a coded message sent by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann to the German ambassador in Mexico in January 1917, proposing an alliance between Germany and Mexico against the United States if the US entered World War I, and promising Mexico the return of lost territory in the American Southwest

Lusitania

 British passenger ship sunk by German U-Boat; over 150 US citizens on board; lead the US to enter WWI; 1917

Treaty Of Versailles

A peace treaty that ended WWI. Signed in France, it blamed Germany for the war, made them pay money, and took away land. This made Germans angry and helped lead to WWII

New Economic Policy

A plan by Lenin in Russia to fix the economy after the war and revolution. It allowed some private business to help rebuild, but later, Stalin replaced it

Bolshevik Revolution

Revolution in Russia where Lenin and his group took power. It ended the rule of the czar and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. WWI made Russia weak, helping the revolution succeed

Great Depression

A worldwide economic crisis that started in the U.S. but affected many countries. WWI left economies unstable, and when the stock market crashed, it made things worse

Trench Warfare

where battles are fought in trenches and soldiers are protected from bullets, bombs and shrapnel (originated on the Western Front, WWI) results in a “stalemate”

Isolationism

 the foreign policy of the US prior to WWI to stay out of the war

Capitalism

free market system established by the US and most countries except the USSR after the Revolution

Communism

the political system established in the USSR by the Bolsheviks after the Revolution

Reparations

 compensation payable by a defeated country to another country or to an individual for loss suffered during or as a result of war

Triple Alliance (Axis Powers WWII)

the agreement between Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy during WWI

Triple Entente (Allied Powers WWII)

the agreement between Britain, France and Russia during WWI

 

Mandate System

established by the League of Nations transferring control of the Ottoman Empire (it’s countries) to the Allies.

Allied powers

France, Great Britain (and the British Empire), and Russia. While these were the primary participants, other nations also joined the Allied cause, including Belgium, Greece, Italy, Japan, Serbia, and the United States. 

central powers

the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria; this was also known as the Quadruple Alliance.

who got the middle east?

Independent: Turkey, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, iran

Britain: Jordan, Palistine, Iraq

France: Syria