ap cybersecurity

Motherboard

main circuit that connects all components of the computer, distributes power and enables communication between parts of the computer

Chipset

a set of controllers on the motherboard that manage data flow between the CPU, memory, storage, and peripherals (determines compatibility and system features)

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

brain of the computer→ performs calculations, executes instructions, and controls other components

Random Access Memory (RAM)

temporary, high-speed memory used to store active data and running programs (volatile)

Storage Drive (HDD, SSD, NVMe)

long-term storage for operating system, applications, and user files → SSDS & NVMe are faster than HDDS (non-volatile)

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

converts from AC power from the outlet into regulated DC power used by internal component → supplies different voltages to the motherboard, CPU, GPU, and drives

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

handles rendering of images, video, and graphical data → either integrated (in CPU or motherboard) or discrete (dedicated graphics card installed)

Cooling System (Fans, Heatsinks)

maintains safe operating temperatures for the CPU, GPU, and other heat-generating components (prevents thermal damage)

Expansion Cards (Wifi, Sound, Capture Cards, etc.)

add or enhance functionality such as wireless networking or high-quality audio → installed in motherboard PCIe slots

I/O Ports and Interfaces

allow external devices (USB, HDMI, audio) to connect to the system → built into the motherboard’s rear I/O pane and front case connectors

Optical Drives (CD/DVD)

read or write data to optical discs → mostly legacy, but still used in some environments

Firmware

built into hardware and controls how device starts and communicates, runs the operating system → does power up tests and initializes devices

Operating System (OS)

manages system resources such as memory, CPU, storage, and input/output, provides interface with the system, and allows applications to run

Driver Software

helps the OS work with specific hardware, translates system commands into instructions that hardware understands

Application Software

allows user to do specific tasks → launch internet, print documents