AnaPhysio (LAB) Module 1 (2)

four types of tissue

epithelial, muscular, nervous, skeletal

what are the two common stain

hematoxylin & eosin

this stains the nucleus purple

hematoxylin

this stains the cytoplasm pink

eosin

a highly cellular tissue with little matrix and it covers or lines part of the body or makes up glandular tissue

epithelial tissue

noncellular adhesive layer

basement membrane

what are the cell shapes and layers of epithelial tissue

shapes: squamous, cuboidal, columnar

layer: simple, stratified, pseudo-stratified

it is only one cell layer thick

simple epithelium

composed of thin, flat cells that lie on the basement membrane like floor tiles and lines the air sacs of lungs and blood vessels (endothelium)

simple squamous epithelium

can be found as the surface layer of many membranes in various body cavities

mesothelium

consists of cube-like or wedge-shaped cells that are mostly uniform in dimension. These cells form many of the major glands and the glandular organs of the body and are the major tissue in the kidneys

simple cuboidal epithelium

often involved in the secretion of fluids or in reabsorption

simple cuboidal epithelium

resembles tall columns anchored at one end to the basement membrane and lines the digestive tract and provide an absorptive area for digested food

simple columnar epithelium

Mucus-secreting goblet cells are often find with them and it also lines the uterine tubes

simple columnar epithelium

lines some portions of the respiratory passages, where it protects the lungs by trapping dust particles

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

lines the vaginal canal and mouth. The multiple layers of this tissue protect underlying areas from mechanical abrasion

stratified squamous epithelium

two types of stratified squamous epithelium

keratinized and non-keratinized

it is a tough protein that hardens cells in the outer layer of the skin

keratinized

it is a cellular tissue with the tissue having mostly cells and little matrix and these cells are contractile and shorten in length or increase tension due to the sliding of protein filaments alongside one another

muscular tissue

cells of skeletal muscle

fibers

it is striated and voluntary

skeletal muscle

found only in the heart, and it is the main tissue making up that organ. it is striated and involuntary and joined together by intercalated disks

cardiac muscle

cardiac muscle cells

myocytes

it is non-striated and involuntary and is found in the digestive tract. It is also found in abundance in the uterus and is the driving force behind uterine contractions during labor

smooth muscle

mostly compose of cells like epithelium and muscular. it is found in the brain, spinal cord, ganglia, and peripheral nerves

nervous tissue

conductive cell of this tissue which receives and transmits electrochemical impulses

neuron

three major regions of neuron

dendrite, nerve cell (soma), and axon

special support cells of the nervous system

glia or neuroglia

there is usually more matrix than cells

connective tissue

extracellular material and usually consists of fibers and fluid, gel, or solid ground substances

matrix

types of loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, reticular

complex collection of fibers and cells

areolar connective tissue

three types of fibers in areolar connective tissue

large, pink stained collagenous fibers

smaller, dark elastic and reticular fibers

collection of cells, including fibroblasts, fibrocytes, mast cells, and macrophages

cells that make up adipose tissue and store lipids

adipocytes (fat cells)

it has fibroblasts and fibrocytes and is found in soft internal organs, such as the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes

reticular connective tissue

this tissue can either be primarily collagenous or elastic and it can be regular or irregular

dense connective tissue

this dense connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments and the parallel fibers have great tensile strength

dense regular collagenous connective tissue

this dense connective tissue is found in the deep layers of the skin and the white of the eye

dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

this dense connective tissue has cellular components of fibroblast and fibrocytes. The fibroblasts actively secrete elastic fibers and subsequently become fibrocytes

dense regular elastic connective tissue

this dense connective tissue occurs in the walls of arteries. It can be identified as dark, squiggly lines in the artery walls

dense irregular elastic connective tissue

type of connective tissue in which the matrix is composed of a pliable material that allows for some degree of movement

cartilage

three types of cartilage in the human body

hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage

this is a dense irregular connective tissue on the surface of cartilage

perichondrium

the most common cartilage in the body which is found at the apex of the nose, covering the ends of most long bones at joints, between the ribs and the sternum, in the respiratory passages

hyaline cartilage

cells and fibers that occur in hyaline cartilage

chondrocytes (cells) and collagenous fibers

this type of cartilage is clear and glassy in fresh tissue but will probably appear light pink in stained slides

hyaline cartilage

this tissue is similar to hyaline cartilage in that it has chondrocytes and collagenous fibers, but this tissue has many more collagenous fibers. These fibers are visible in the prepared slides

fibrocartilage

this tissue is found in areas where more stress is placed on the cartilage, such as in the intervertebral discs, the symphysis pubis, and the menisci of each knee

fibrocartilage

is unique in that it contains elastic fibers, which give the tissue its flexible nature. It is found in the external ear and in a part of the larynx called the epiglottis

elastic cartilage

type of connective tissue in which the matrix is made of mineral component called hydroxyapatite crystal, or bone salt

bone or osseous tissue

two types of bone

compact bone and cancellous (spongy) bone

this bone is the more common type as it makes up the dense material in a long section of bone

compact bone

this bone is found in the regions of long bones and has plates of bone interspersed with bone marrow

cancellous (spongy) bone

help build bone

osteoblasts

resorb bone in a constant remodeling proces

osteclasts

cells that can support the extracellular matrix

fibroblasts

it is a connective tissue in which the matrix is fluid and no fibers are visible

blood

matrix of the blood

plasma

contains mostly adipose tissue and is often found in the shafts of the long bones of adults

yellow bone marrow

contains precursor cells of red blood cells and white blood cells

red bone marrow