Data (IB)

What are the two main categories of data?

Qualitative and quantitative data

Define qualitative data

Descriptive and conceptual information that is not easily reduced to numbers, including text, images, audio, and video

What are the two types of quantitative data?

Discrete data (countable) and continuous data (measurable)

Give an example of qualitative data

Customer feedback collected through open-ended survey questions, e.g., 'The product is very user-friendly'

Give an example of quantitative data

The number of visitors to a website per day, e.g., 500 visitors

List four common data collection methods

Surveys and questionnaires, observations, experiments, and secondary data

What is secondary data?

Information collected by someone else for a different purpose but utilized for a new analysis

Name three common data storage methods

Databases, cloud storage, and local storage

What are the two main types of databases?

Relational (SQL) and non-relational (NoSQL) databases

What is a potential risk of relying solely on local storage?

Data loss in case of hardware failure

What are the four key measures in descriptive statistics?

Mean, median, mode, and standard deviation

What is inferential statistics used for?

To make predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample of data

Name three techniques used in inferential statistics

Hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and correlation

Why is data visualization important?

It helps to communicate findings effectively through charts, graphs, and maps

Name three tools useful for creating data visualizations

Tableau, Power BI, and Excel

What are the three key ethical considerations when handling data?

Privacy, consent, and transparency

How can privacy be respected when handling data?

By anonymizing data and protecting personal information

What is the importance of obtaining informed consent?

To ensure ethical data collection and respect for participants' rights

What are the potential consequences of ethical breaches in data handling?

Legal consequences and loss of trust