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Political machine
Organization run by a boss who used rewards to keep his loyal followers in office; often correct but also beneficial to city dwellers; dominated many cities in the late 19th century
Tammany Hall
Long-standing political machine in New York City
Railroad Suburbs
Wealthy communities built along major railroad lines farther out from the city
Streetcar Suburbs
Middle class communities built along streetcar lines close to the city
Settlement house
Provided various Social Services to the poor and immigrants in urban working class neighborhoods
Jane Addams
Established Hull House in Chicago, one of the most influential settlement houses.
Herbert Spencer
Advocated social Darwinism; warned that society should not “Foster the good for nothing at the expense of the good”
William Graham Sumner
Head of political and social science at Yale; promoted social Darwinism, are you that social conditions were traditions or customs that the government should not interfere with
Pragmatism
Theory by William James: truth arose from the testing of new ideas, the value of which lay in their practical consequences; reflected the “inventive experimental spirit”
Social Gospel
Protestant response to changing society; operated on the principle “thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself”; asked “What would Jesus do?”; Washington Gladden was prominent advocate.
Tenement
Run down and overcrowded apartment house, especially in a poor section of a large city
Jacob Riis
Muckraker journalist and photographer who exposed slum conditions in his book “How the Other Half Lives”
