Animals Part 1 and 2

What is the largest phylum of animals?

Arthropoda

Largest class of animals?

insecta

Largest order of animals?

coleoptera or the beetles

Largest family of animals?

Curculioniadae or the weevils

Animal characteristics

heterotrophic by ingestion

gametic meiosis

locomotory structures present

true multicellularity

no cell walls!

evolutionary trends in animals

planes of symmetry

levels of organization

embryological development

body cavity

planes of symmetry

asymmetry→ radial symmetry→ bilateral symmetry→ 2 degree radial symmetry

Levels of organization

cellular→ tissue→ organs→ organ systems

body cavity (coelom)

acoelomates→ pseudocoelomates→ coelomates

acoelomates

small and flat

flatworms

pseudocoelomates

roundworms

coelomates

earthworms

mesoderm lines all of organs→ allows to have more complex organs

Phylum Porifera

sponges

only have a cellular type of organization

ascon, sycon, leucon

P: Porifera C: Calcarea

all marine

calcareous spicules

small

all three body types

P: Porifera C: Demospongiae

largest class

marine and freshwater

silicious spicules

spongin fibers

leucon body type

P: Porifera C: Hexanactinellida

deep marine species

silieceious, 6 rayed spicules

body sycon/leucon intermediate

cells fused as synctium

Phylum Cnetophora

comb jellies

biradial symmetry

colloblasts (not stinging)

iridescence

bioluminescence

ctenes

colloblasts in Ctenophores

gluey cells used to stick to prey rather than sting

ctenes in Ctenophores

8 rows of fused cilis

used for locomotion like little oars

irredescent forms of Cnetophores are ___

benthic or found at depth in marine habitats

Phylum Cnidaria

True Jellies

hydras, jellyfish, corals, anemones

Cnidocytes

diploblastic

polyps or medusa

diploblastic

endoderm + ectoderm

polyps are __

sessile (doesnt really move)

medusa are ___

motile (move)

cnidocytes in Cnidaria

stinging cells

Cnidaria: Class Hydrozoa

hydra are famous for their ability to bud/ reproduce asexually

polyp form

Portugese Man of War

Cnidaria: Class Scyphozoa

True Jellyfish

moon jellies

Cnidaria: Class Cubozoa

Box Jellies

Chironex flekeli : the sea wasp

very dangerous

Cnidaria: Class Anthozoa

sea anemones and corals

only polyp forms

colonoial (corals) and solitary (sea anemone)

large, subdivided GVC

septum(-a)

Acontia threads

Zoochlorellae and zooxanthellae

CaCO3 skeleton used for protections

Septum (-a) in Anthozoa

wall like structures that divide GVC into different areas

acontia threads in Anthozoa

internal thread like structures that also have cnidocytes used to sting prey

zoochlorellae and zooxanthellae in Anthozoa

endosymbiotic organisms that are photosynthetic

green: zoochlorellae

yellow: zooxanthellae