SSI SCUBA Open Water Diving Certification

The purpose of equalization is to

Introduce additional air into body air spaces in response to increasing external pressure

Body heat is lost ________ than in air

25 to 30 times faster

The absolute pressure expressed in terms of atmospheres absolute at 99 feet in salt water

4 ata

One atmosphere of pressure is defined as

- Each 34 feet of depth in freshwater
- 1 ata
- Each 33 feet of depth in sea water

Describing diving with the acronym SCUBA came from what event?

The development of the demand regulator in 1943

Sinus squeeze can be prevented by

Not diving with a cold

The greatest relative pressure change in sea water takes place between ___ and ___ feet

0 and 33

Underwater, the bending of light rays causes objects to appear to be:

closer

Ear squeeze can be prevented by:

- Relaxing
- Never diving with a cold
- Rotating the jaw, swallowing, or Valsalva

Earplugs...

should never been worn while diving

If you experience pain in your ears during descent:

Stop the descent and ascend until the pain stops

Which of the statements concerning sound transmission underwater is correct?

- Divers find it difficult to locate the direction of a sound producing source
- Sound will travel farther underwater than in air
- Sound travels four times faster underwater than in air

The absolute pressure expressed in terms of atmospheres absolute at 33 feet in sea water is

2 ata

If a flexible air-filled container has a volume of 40 cu ft on the surface, what would the volume be at 99 feet in sea water?

10 cu ft

Gauge pressure is defined as:

Absolute pressure minus one

The condition in which certain colors are diminished as depth increases is called:

Absorption

your Delivery system should be serviced and preformance checked:

every year

The purpose of a BC is to:

Control ascent and descent rates, maintain neutral buoyancy during the dive, provide surface flotation

The Buoyancy Control System components are:

buoyancy compensator, inflation device, and weight belt

A scuba cylinder must be hydrostatically tested:

Within fixed interval set by local law

the SSI Equipment Service Program is designed to:

Keep all the components of the Total Diving System to Optimal Performance

what affects a diver's air consumption rate?

-poor physical conditioning
-extreme exertion from working heavily
-extreme stress brought on by improper response to anxiety-producing situations

One of the primary factors contribution to heat loss for divers is

convection

Which of the following Total Diving System subsystems best describes the SCUBA unit?

The Delivery Sytem

The Information System components are:

Dive computer, Analogue instruments, and SSI total dive log

A high pressure scuba cylinder should be stored:

secured and with a minimum of 500 to 750 psi

During normal diving activities, divers should never exceed an ascent rate of ________ feet per minute.

30

three primary features to look for in a qualtiy Exposure System are:

thickness, fit, and seam integrity

assuming a constant air consumption rate, diving at a pressure of 4 ata will use __ as much air as diving at 2 ata

2 times

a scuba tank for recreational diving should be filled with

pure, filtered compressed air or Nitrox

The only accepted treatment for Arterial Gas Embolism is:

stabilize victim in nearest medical facility and transport to decompression

Which of the following over expansion injuries can be characterized by swelling in the neck area with a crackling sensation upon touching the swollen area?

Subcutaneous emphysema

The most serious lung overexpansion injury is:

Aretrial Gas Embolism

Which of the following would be inappropriate treatment for a diver exhibiting symptoms of Decompression Sickness?

taking the victim back underwater

The best prevention for decompression sickness is to:

Plan your dive and dive your plan

In air at 1 ata, the partial pressure of nitrogen is___, oxygen is_____.

0.79/0.21 ata

Decompression sickness occurs when:

-A diver stays at depth for too long or surfaces too quickly
-Excess nitrogen bubbles into the blood and tissues
-nitrogen tissue tolerance gradient is exceeded

Diving at altitude or flying after diving:

Requires special diving computer functions, altitude tables and/or refraining from flying from at least 24 hours after the completion of a dive

The proper first aid for Arterial Gas Embolism, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema is:

-watch vital signs
-treat for shock
-CPR
-Administer oxygen
-seek recompression chamber

The term gradient can be described as:

The difference between the internal partial pressure and the external partial pressure of a gas.

Over expansion injuries can be prevented by:

-Learning correct breathing patterns
-Dive with a properly maintained Total Diving System
-Never holding your breath

Haldanes theory that the human body can withstand a 2:1 pressure difference was revised by D Workman to a nitrogen ratio of:

1.58:1

Other symptoms of decompression sickness include:

-paralysis and loss of manual dexterity
-numbness
-itchy skin

The rate at which the body becomes saturated with nitrogen:

will vary based on blood flow to the body

Gas can enter the bloodstream and cause serious damage to the lungs or even death by:

-holding your breath while diving
-diving with respiratory congestion
-ascending too fast

The transfer of oxygen and nitrogen into the bloodstream occurs through the walls of the:

Alveoli

The most common symptom of decompression sickness is:

Joint pain

If a flexible air-filled container at 100 feet of sea water has a volume of 10 cu ft, what would be the volume if it were transported to the surface?

40 cu ft

repetitive dive-

any dive started more than 10 min. and less than 12 hours after a previous scuba dive

The term No-decompression Limit is defined as:

The maximum depth without having to perform a mandatory decompression stop during the ascent

Use of the SSI Total DiveLog is important because:

- It is a good resource for future dives
- It keeps an accurate record of personal info and dives
- It contains your medical history and provides emergency info

If you lose contact with your buddy, you should:

Search for no more than a minute by turning 360 degrees and looking up and down and then perform a normal ascent to the surface

Dive computers are essential for planning and executing dives because they

-help divers stay within no-decompression limits
- monitor ascent and descent
- record important info

When entering the water through the surf, dive buddy teams should

Maintain physical contact and time entry to coincide with the lull between wave sets

The most important reason for planning your dives and executing the dive per your plan is to:

prevent accidents

Surface Interval

The amount of time the diver stays out of the water or on the surface between dives

To use a compass to navigate to a sighted object

-Point compass toward object
-rotate bezel so witness marks are above magnetic needle
-follow the lubber line

You should perform a safety stop at 15 feet for 3 to 5 minutes on every dive

true

The recommended max ascent rate is:

30 feet per minute

Residual nitrogen is defined as:

Residual nitrogen is the amount of excessive nitrogen dissolved in our bloodstream and tissues after a dive and all previous dives in a series

Rip currents are formed by:

water breaks over sand bars and reefs near the beach and recedes through channels or cuts in the bars and reefs

It is OK to share a computer with your dive buddy (T/F)

false

a good diving buddy

- makes diving more fun
- is able to help in all phases of diving and dive planning
-is as familiar with their buddy's equipment as they are with their own

Which of the following steps should be taken in the selection of a dive site:

- honest evaluation of your diving abilities and conditioning levels, as well as those of your buddy
- purpose of the dive
-degree of difficultly presented by the site

Examples of freshwater marine life include:

-bass
-crayfish
-eels

Divers should avoid contact with corals because:

-touching coral can damage equipment
-contact can damage coral
-contact can be harmful to divers

When diving in Marine Protected Areas, divers should:

Respect and follow local Marine Park regulations

Two examples of hard corals are:

Elkhorn & Staghorn

If a diver is injured by harmful sea life it is often because:

-the diver's aggressive behavior
-the diver's ignorance
-the divers negligence

Two examples of soft corals are

black and red coral

The ocean is an important source of life because:

it is home to many of the first links in earth's food chain

Coral reefs are formed by:

coral animals called polyps that form skeletal structures

Divers can help protect the marine environment by:

-swim neutrally buoyant at all times.
-Keep your equipment secured to you
-Always be a responsible diver.

More than ___ of Earth's oxygen is produced by marine plants.

85%

A dependent action to take in response to an out of air emergency is:

Sharing air using the primary second stage and using the alternate air source for yourself

Signs of a panicked diver are

wide-eyed, fearful look and a fast erratic breathing pattern

The first thing you should do if you observe sign of panic in a diver at the surface

Completely fill your BC and instruct the panicked to establish positive buoyancy

The SSI responsibile diver code states that you should

-accept resonsibility for you rown well-being on every dive
-deive within limits of trining and ability
-be envoirnmentally responsible on every dive

Panic can be prevented by:

-Properly maintaining your Total Diving System
-Taking specialty training
-honestly evaluating your diving limitations

The most important rule when assisting a panicked diver is

never needlessly endanger yourself

In an out-of-air emergency, your buddy is close enough, you should:

swim to your buddy, give the out-of-air signal, and share air

To achieve the SSI Master Diver rating, a diver is required to:

Be certified as and SSI advanced open water diver, complete the SSi stress and rescue specialty course, and log a total of 50 dives

The first thing you should do if you observe signs of panic in a diver underwater is

locate your alternate air source in case it is needed

To achieve the SSI Advanced Open Water Diver rating, a diver is required to

complete 4 specialty courses and 24 additional dives

In a deep water out of air emergency, and your buddy is not close enough, the best response to this emergency is to perform a Controlled Swimming Ascent

false

Causes of panic include

-diving outside of a comfort zone
-certain enviornmental conditions
-Using unfamiliar or misfitted equipment

To achieve the SSI Specialty DIver rating, a diver is required

2 specialty courses and 12 dives total