ANTH 100 Quiz 2

UBC Winter 2024 T1

Nation

A group of people believed to share the same history, culture, language, and even physical substance

Nation-state

An ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide

Nationality

A sense of identification with and loyalty to a nation-state

Modernization theory

as societies become more economically modernized, wealthier and more educated, their political institutions become increasingly liberal democratic

Dependency theory

argues that under-development as experienced in Latin America and elsewhere is the direct result of capital intervention, rather than a condition of “lacking” development or investment

Wealth-based economy

Community oriented; restrictions on personal glory

Cash economy

ability to use one item to trade for anything

Globalization

the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.

How is globalization tied to Neo-liberal economic policies?

Nation states controls trade; Local manufacturers cannot compete with industrial manufacturing of other countries’ shipments of products

Social Class

a group of people within a society who possess the same socioeconomic status

Middle-class

preserves a kind of social power and authority that relies on the notion that everyone is the same; makes people think they are all alike – diminishes recognition of those in poverty

Birthday cake model

Bavarian notion of layers of class stacked above one another; Prestige, education, wealth determine who is on bottom of cake vs top (each layer is the same, just in different places)

Quintiles

groups divided by fifths (used often by sociologists)

Relational model

Focuses upon social relations that link groups of people through processes of producing and creating things that we need in order to provide ourselves a livelihood

What does the relational model help us understand?

the fundamental points of conflict and struggle in society and the ways types of racialized oppression are maintained/created

Race

A human population category whose boundaries allegedly correspond to distinct sets of biological attributes; a social construction

How is the rise of racism linked to imperialism?

Systematic removal of support targeting certain families

Racism

The systematic oppression of one group or groups on the basis of ‘race’

How is racism seen in countries?

Different allocation of resources to people based on race; seen even in countries with “race-blind” laws

Cognitive racial bias

in our brain, we have ideas/images of what a certain race looks like; In an emotional moment, we might resort to this

Structural racism

form of institutional discrimination based on race or ethnic group and can include policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society (ex. Canadian laws for Indigenous Peoples)

How is structural racism seen in Canadian laws for Indigenous Peoples?

Assumed that Indigenous people did not have the mental capacity and capability to educate themselves, manage their communities & space, etc.

Racialism

Belief in existence of biologically distinct races

Racialization

Taking groups of people and turning them into a racialized group

What are the problems with the ‘race’ concept?

It is a social construction inbuilt in the way we perceive & conceptualize the world

How is colonialism linked to development of capitalism?

colonizers have always categorized themselves as the ‘chosen people’ and those they encounter as less deserving as being part of the ‘core’ people

Innovation of capitalism

Don't actually have to be in control of country in order to enact changes

Exploitation

how economic value is extracted out of labouring people

Oppression

adjunct to exploitation; used to exploit more from people in process of production

Elizabeth Chin

Looked at issue of race & gender from pov of young african girls in Connecticut; Segregating certain people’s access to resources

Boas

one of the founding figures of American anthropology; Opposed to scientific racism

scientific racism

ideology that different races of humans have different inherent attributes like intelligence, physical capacity, etc.

What did Boas advocate for?

racial equality, democratic practices, and the right of all people for equity and autonomy

Morley

Presented himself as anthropologist of Mayan society but was actually an American spy

Similarities of Boas and Morley

end goal of research was to support their political stances

Differences of Boas and Morley

Boas’ principles of fairness & honesty vs. Morley’s deceptive approach

Ethnic groups

Social groups that are distinguished from one another on the basis of ethnicity

Ethnicity

A principle of social classification; emerges from historical processes

Ethnicity and race

Ethnicity may become racialized

When does ethnicity emerge according to Gerald Sider?

in moments of dislocation and every day struggles

Kinship as an idiom

Way of talking about each other; How people are related & connected

Kinship as an organizing principle for production

Rights of kinship

Rights of kinship

Rights determined by your ties to a community

Kinship as structure

Group & characterize people based on bilateral kinship through descent of both parents; Determines rights to inheritance, etc.

Kinship charts

Focuses on reproduction as primary aspect of what kinship is about; Represented by circles (female) & triangles (male)

Social relationships

Marriage, descent, nurturance

Principles of descent

Bilateral descent, Bilateral kindred, Unilineal descent, Lineage

Bilateral descent

Calculate descent from ancestors of both maternal & paternal sides

Unilineal descent

Derived from one line - father’s line or mother’s line

Lineage

Patrilineage or Matrilineage

Matrilineage

Men cannot transmit inheritance

Patrilineage

Woman cannot transmit inheritance

The North American Nuclear Family/capitalist consumption family

consists of a mother, father, and children; generally begins with husband & wife moving from households of their parents

What is The North American Nuclear Family/the capitalist consumption family more focused on?

consumption (ex. buying houses)

Ts’mysyen

“People of the misty river”; People don’t like to refer to themselves as this

Social organization of Tsimshian Society

Clan/tribe; walp; village

Walp

housegroup membership

What are Ts’msyen and Gitxaała walps each tied to?

a clan/tribe

What does it mean if you are not connected to a walp (housegroup membership) in Tsimshian Society?

you are not considered a person

Families

loosely defined as the social institutions that typically produce people

What are the 2 aspects of family as a reproduction site?

People as individuals and People as labour power

How do ideologies of gender shape what people do in their lives?

Naturalize the differences between men and women’s differences and say it is essential to exhibit these as male or female

What becomes more prominent as the world becomes more globalized?

localized identity

Conclusion of coiffe case study

Elaboration of traditional costume reflects (changes in) cultural structure at play; notion of struggle played out in cultural imageries

What are the core principles of Gitxaala government?

rank & status, connections between people and person, presence of history and historical accounts in actions of the present

How are the Gitxaala a kin ordered society?

Property, social rights, place of residence are governed by one’s kin relations

Colonialism

process by which external forces (particularly European) imposed foreign governance, culture, and economic systems on Indigenous peoples, disrupting their traditional ways of life

Ideology of capitalism

notion that an actor can enter into any agreement or action, guided by the principle of free will and consent

What do capitalist cultures prioritize?

ideas of self reliance, choice, and individualism

Cameron Thatcher

Pro neoliberalism views; help yourself, then your family, and then neighbours

Model by Cameron Thatcher

Individuals defined as men and women who form families are primarily responsible for their own care; This is a case & explanation of why there are no societal effects or issues of structure beyond individual dynamics

What does Cameron Thatcher’s model suggest?

problems people deal with are fault of failure of individuals to accept responsibility for their own actions

core values of capitalist culture

issues of individualism, choice, and free consent

Power

Transformative capacity; Ability to transform a given situation

What are the two aspects of power?

Control and Social psychological component

Control

technical aspect of power(Ex. in classroom, instructor has technical control on grades)

Social psychological component of power

whether it has any control over you to change your behaviour (Ex. instructor;s control on grades incentivizes a particular kind of behaviour from students, but only if they care about their grades)

How is power put into action?

It has to be relational (In social terms, there must be 2 players for power to be realized)

What happens if you remove relation in production?

classes no longer exist

What are Eric Wolf’s 4 Modalities?

Interpersonal power; Organizational or tactical power; Structural power; The power of potency or capability of an individual

What causes a person to enter into a play of power (but does not address what play is about)

The power of potency or capability of an individual

Interpersonal power

potency or charisma of individual, the ability of an individual to enforce their will upon another individual

Organizational or tactical power

Highlights how individuals or social units can limit the actions of other individuals in particular settings

Structural power

Organizes the social setting themselves & controls the allocation of social labour

Consumption family

nuclear & neoliberal; seek individual accomplishment and emotional self-realization; dysfunctional without state provisioning

Accumulation family

built around extended kin networks, intense group sacrifice, postponed gratification, captive low-wage or unpaid family-based labour

neoliberalism

a political and economic philosophy that emphasizes free trade, deregulation, globalization, and a reduction in government spending.