Chemistry Final Prep

a cation has a ____ charge and is _____ than the atoms in which they are formed

postive, smaller

an anion has a ____ charge and is _____ that the atoms in which they are formed

negative, larger

as you move down on a group on the radius ______

increases

as you move across a period the radius _____

decreases

as you move down a group the ionization energy and electronegativity ______

decreases

as you move across a period the ionization energy and electronegativity ______

increases

the measure of attraction that an atom has for electrons in chemical bonds

electronegativity

how many valence electrons are in the electron dot notation for boron?

3

would it be easier to remove

calculate the empirical formula for C: 36.7%, H: 8.22%, F: 38.7%, O: 16.3%

C3H8OF2

Balance the following equation: __Ca+__HCL = __CaCl2+___H2

Ca+2HCL=CaCl2=H2

synthesis reaction

when two or more substances combine to form one substance

decomposition

a single reactant breaks down to form two or more products

combustion

a compound reacts with oxygen forming heat and light

single replacement

a reaction where an element replaces the atoms of another element

double replacement

a reaction where two compounds cations switch places

succinic acid is a substance produced by lichens. It is composed of 40.68% carbon, 5.08% hydrogen, and 54.24% oxygen and has a molar mass of 118.1 g/mol. What is the empirical formula and the molecular formula.

C2H3O2= empirical, C4H6O4=molecular

determine the limiting reactant of the chemical equation: Fe2O3+C= Fe+ CO2 (unbalanced)

Carbon

Who made the foundation to the periodic table?

Dimitri Mendeleev

Who solidifies the patterns in the periodic table to make periodic law?

Henry Mosely

Where are Alkali Metals on the periodic table?

group 1

Where are alkaline earth metals?

group 2

where are transition metals?

group 3-12

where are halogens?

group 17

where are noble gasses?

group 18

Who used the cathode ray tube to discover electrons?

JJ Thomson

Who used the gold foil experiment to discover the nucleus and protons?

Ernest Rutherford

a.______ b._____ c.______

electrons, neutrons, protons

what is the mass number of an element equivalent to?

protons+neutrons

what is the electrons of an element equivalent to?

protons-electrons

atomic number

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

ion

an atom of an element that has lost or gained electrons, but still maintains the same number of protons

isotope

an atom of an element that has the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

what is the electron configuration for argon

1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6

what is the noble gas notation for the electron configuration for krypton

[Ar], 4s2, 3d10, 4p6

Strontium has 4 isotopes with masses of: 84 (0.50% abundance), 87 (7%), 86 (9.9%), 88 (82.6%)

87.62

where are nonmetals on the periodic table

right side, C to Rn (and H)

where are metalloids

B down to Te

where are metals

left and middle side

find the energy used in the following equation: H2+F2= 2HF

-543kj (exothermic)

A metal weighting 59.047g was heated to 100C and then put it into 100ml of water (initially 23.7C). The metal and water were allowed to come to an equilibrium temperature of 27.8C. Calculate the specific heat of the metal.

q= .402J/g

A total of 54.0 Joules of heat are observed as 58.3g of lead is heated from 12.0°C to 42.0°C. From this data, what is the specific heat of lead?

Specific Heat (C): 0.03

this graph is ______, because it is _____ energy

endothermic, gaining

this graph is _____, because it is _____ energy

exothermic, losing

hydrogen bonds occur between what molecules and hydrogen?

N, O, F

what is the weakest intermolecular force?

London Dispersion Forces (LDF)

An ionic compound cannot conduct as a ______,but can when__ ____.

Solid, dissolved

An ionic compound has a ____ melting point

High

Naming acids:

If the polyatimic ion ends in -ate, change it to ____

–ic (she ATE but I have an IC)

Naming acids:

If the polyatomic ion ends in –ite, change the ending to ____

\-ous

An ionic bond is between a metal and a _____

Nonmetal

A covalent bond is between two _____

Nonmetals

A gas occupies 12.3L at a pressure of 40 mmHg. What is the volume when the pressure is increased to 60mmHg?

8\.2

The density of a gaseous fluoride of phosphorus is 3.98 g/L at STO. The is the molar mass of this fluoride?

88

“Likes dissolves likes” means…

Polar molecules dissolve polar, and non polar can dissolve non polar molecules

If a bond is non polar it will only what imf?

Ldf only

In order for a bond to be non polar it must have what three things?

1\. Contain polar bonds (electro negativity difference)

2\. All atoms identical

3\. Symmetrical shape

AX4E0

Tetrahedral (symmetrical)

AX2E1

Bent (NOT symmetrical)

AX3E0

Trigonal planar (symmetrical)

AX2E0

Linear (symmetrical)

What imf would CH3Cl have? (Dipole dipole, hydrogen bond, ldf)

Dipole dipole (polar bonds)

A student needs to prepare a 75ml solution of .2M AgNO3. What mass of AgNO3 is needed?

2\.55g

A teacher needs to prepare a 500ml, 1M solution of HNO3 from a solution of 12M HNO3. What would the volume of the solution need to be?

41\.6ml

Calculate the PH of \[H+\] = 0.01M

2

Calculate the \[H+\] of pH=5.65

2\.2\*10^-6