CH.8

leaflets

leaflets

flat, leaf-shaped structures that comprise the valves of the heart and prevent backflow of blood

lumen

tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body, space

viscosity

thickness

artery

carry blood from the heart to all cells of the body

tunica externa

outer coat of an artery that is composed of connective tissue

tunica media

middle layer of an artery that is composed of smooth muscle

tunica intima

thin, inner lining of the lumen

capillaries

microscopic vessels that join the arterial system with the venous system

vein

returns blood to the heart

venules

veins form smaller vessels called

valves

small structures within veins that prevent backflow of the blood

pericardium

heart is enclosed in a sac called

endocardium

serous membrane that lines the four chambers of the heart

myocardium

muscular layer of the heart

epicardium

the outermost layer of the heart

right atrium and left atrium

chambers that collect blood

right ventricle and left ventricle

chambers that pump blood from the heart

pulmonary circulation

right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs

systemic circulation

left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body

superior and inferior vena cava

deoxygenated blood flows into the

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium to the right ventricle

left and right pulmonary artery

deoxygenated blood leaves the heart via

pulmonic valve

prevents regurgitation from the right ventricle

mitral valve

passage between left atrium and left ventricle

aortic semilunar valve

valve in the aorta

right and left coronary artery

vascularizes the heart

left anterior descending artery and circumflex artery

the left coronary artery divides into two branches

conduction tissue

specialized cardiac tissue that initiates and spreads contract

sinoatrial node

located in the upper portion of the right atrium and has the ability to initiate and propagate each heartbeat

pacemaker

the sinoatrial node is sometimes known as the

atrioventricular node

causes the atria to contract

bundle of His

tract of conduction fibers

purkinje fibers

transmit impulses to right and left ventricles

electrocardiograph

record of heart impulses

P wave

depolarization of the atria

QRS complex

depolarization of the ventricles

T wave

repolarization of the ventricle

blood pressure

force exerted by blood against the arterial walls

systole

contraction phase

diastole

relaxation phase

sphygmomanometer

measures blood pressure

aneurysm/o

aneurysm (widened blood vessel)

angi/o, vascul/o

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

aort/o

aorta

-stenosis

narrowing, stricture

arteri/o

artery

-rrhexis

rupture

arteriol/o

arteriole

atri/o

atrium

ather/o

fatty plaque

-oma

tumor

cardi/o, coron/o

heart

electr/o

electricity

embol/o

embolus (plug)

hemangi/o

blood vessel

my/o

muscle

phleb/o, ven/o

vein

-ectasis

dilation, expansion

scler/o

hardening, sclera

sept/o

septum

sphygm/o

pulse

-oid

resembling

sten/o

narrowing, stricture

thromb/o

blood clot

valv/o, valvul/o

valve

ventricul/o

ventricle (of the heart or brain)

-cardia

heart condition

endo-

in, within

extra-

outside

peri-

around

trans-

across

cardiology

medical specialty concerned with disorders of the cardiovascular system

arteriosclerosis

progressive degenerative disease of arterial walls that causes them to become thick and brittle

atheroma

cellular debris

thrombus

clot

infarction

tissue death

ischemia

localized tissue anemia

angina

tightness

diaphoresis

excessive sweating

hemiplegia

weakness or paralysis on one side of the body

myalgia

muscle pain

hyperlipidemia

elevated level of fatty substances in the blood

statins

drugs that slow down or reserve fat buildup

antihypertensives

control blood pressure

anticoagulants

reduce thrombus formation

endarterectomy

surgical removal of fatty deposits from the inside of the artery

coronary artery disease (CAD)

any disease that interferes with coronary artery supplying blood

necrosis

death of cells

myocardial infarction

death of heart muscles

endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

vegetations

clumps

mitral valve stenosis

narrowing of the mitral valve

mitral valve insufficiency

impeding blood flow to the ventricle or not to close properly

bioprosthetic

mechanical device or one made of human or animal tissue

prophylactic treatment

antibiotics given to protect against infection before invasive procedures

varicose veins

enlarged, engorged, twisted, superficial veins

incompetent

do not function properly

varices

varicose veins in the esophagus

hemorrhoids

varicose veins in the rectum

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein