Chapter 15: The Civil War

pgs 2-7

define border states

slave states that didnt secede from the union ex kentucky, missouri, delaware n maryland

what were the importance of all border states?

had close ties with the north and south

what could missouri do?

control parts of the miss. rv and major routes to the west

where was maryland close to?

richmond aka confederate capital

strengths of the north?

-well populated

-more resources

-more railroad mileage

-greater manufacturing/industry

weakness of the north?

-didnt know the most of the land they were fighting on since most of the c. war was fought in the south

strengths of the south?

-excellent military leaders at first

-knew the land most of the c. war was fought on and had the will to defend it

weaknesses of the south?

-small population

-small number of farms

-less manufactured goods

what was the goal of the south?

to be an independent nation by fighting long and hard enough to convince the north it was not worth it

what was the goal of the north?

preserve the union by invading the south and force breakaway states to give up their quest for independence

what would abraham lincoln do?

save the union and not defeat slavery

what was the confederate’s strategy?

fight a defensive war until the north gives up

what was the union’s strategy?

anaconda plan-

1. the union would blockade (close off) southern ports

2. the north would seek to gain control of miss rv to split the confederates in half

3. capture richmond, virginia (confed capital)

define enlist?

join confederate/union army

what were the union and confederates called?

union- yankees

confederates-rebels

what did the issue of slavery do to the democratic party and how?

-split the democratic party

1. northern democrats for popular sovereignty

2. southern democrats for upholding slavery

what did the republican party want to do about slavery?

leave it where it existed and ban it in the territories

who won the election of 1860 and what party did he belong to?

-abraham lincoln-republican

what was the first southern state to secede from the union?

south carolina

define secession

withdrawal from the union

what did the 7 seceded southern states call themselves?

the confederate states of america

who became the president of the confederacy?

jefferson davis

how did southerners justify seceding and what did the south say the national gov did?

-justified by using states rights

-the national gov broke the contract by refusing to enforce the fugitive slave act and denying southern states equal rights in the territories

how did most northerners feel about southern states seceeding?

most northerners believed that the union had to be preserved and the south shouldnt secede

what does lincoln mean when he says, “the union of these states are perpetual and forever”?

the southern states cannot secede from the union because lincoln wont let them

what did davis do on april 12, 1861

opened fire on fort sumter before supplies could arrive

what caused lincoln to issue a call for troops?

the union surrendered fort sumter to the confederates after being attacked

what did the attack on fort sumter signify?

the beginning of the civil war

what began operations against the south after fort sumter?

union navy

what does lincoln order the union navy to do?

blockade all southern ports

what does the battle of bull run show?

both sides were not experienced

what was confed general jackson nicknamed?

stonewall jackson

who won the battle of bull run and what was realized?

—south

—the c. war could be long and difficult

what was the strategy in the west?

union— gain control of miss. rv

define tributaries

smaller rivers that fed into one major river

what nickname was general grant given (his first battle) and why?

“unconditional surrender”

—the confeds asked grant what terms he would give them to surrender —> he said “no terms except an unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted”

what were the (uss) monitor and (css) virginia?

wooden ships covered with iron aka ironclads

how did the capture of new orleans by navy help the union?

the confeds can no longer use the miss. rv to carry goods to sea, left the confed stronghold of vicksburg, miss as the only obstacle

what was the union trying to capture in the east

richmond, virgina (confed capital)

why was mccellan a bad commander general?

didnt attack lee’s forces after receiving a copy of lee’s orders from his soldiers

6,000 dead and 17,000 wounded meant that Antietam was..?

deadliest single day of fighting in the civil war

why could the north claim victory at the battle of antietam

lee retreated to virginia after great losses of his army

why did lincoln wait for a union victory to introduce the emancipation proc?

union troops and citizens are happier and more motivated after a win —> will support emancipation proclamation

what did the emancipation proc state?

all slaves are free in states that are in rebellion against the union

effects of the emancipation proc?

1. preserve the union

2. give the troops another reason to fight for freedom

3. slaves escape = south economy is messed up

4. begins the process of ending slavery

who was the commander of all the confed forces

robert e lee and stonewall jackson

why was the victory at the battle of chancellorsville also a loss for the confederate army?

jackson was accidentally shot by his confed forces and developed pneunomia and died

why was general mclellan a bad millitary leader?

overly careful and slow to act and failed to obey lincoln’s order

when and why were african americans allowed to fight in the north?

the north needed more troops by 1862 and african americans were eager to fight

what was the % of african americans that fought for the union and how did they fight?

10%

—hard and effectively

what was the 54th mass. regiment?

best known african american regiment founded in 1863 led by col. robert g. shaw

where did the 54th mass fight and what is their significance?

fought at fort wagner in s. carolina and became famous for their member’s sacrifice and courage

how long was the battle of gettysburg? (7/1863)

4 days

how many troops died in the battle of gettysburg? (both sides)

north- 23,000

south-25,000

why did pickett’s charge fail?

the north had more soldiers to lose and pickett did not have enough soldiers to keep up

what was the significance of the battle of vicksburg? (7/4/1863)

the important river city in vicksburg, miss. fell to the union troops —> prevented food and supplies from reaching the confeds

how long was the battle of vicksburg and how many died?

47 days

north-9000 south-10,000

by 1864 what did the union do?

union forces had the south surrounded

who becomes commander of the union forces and why?

ulysses s. grant

—became a brilliant soldier, led many union victories (shiloh, vicksburg, and chattanooga, tennessee)

—-man of action and wasted little time creating a plan to finish the war

why does grant go towards richmond, va?

—on the morning of the 3rd day, there was no clear winner so Grant moves on w/ his forces

what was happening at the confeds in the last year?

faced sherman’s forces at atlanta, georgia

—sherman led siege forcing confeds. to abandon the city on sept 1st

& lost many troops

what is the new and 4th union strategy to end the c. war?

total war

define total war

destroy everything the south is fighting for

why is total war being used by the union?

to have less deaths & prevent the south from being able to fight

examples of what is destroyed by total war?

homes, livestock, cities and people

from and to where does sherman go and what does he do on the way?

atlanta, georgia,— coast of Savannah & sherman burns a 60 mi long strip

who wins the election of 1864?

abraham lincoln

why does lincoln win the election of 1864?

the voters clearly wanted a permanent end to slavery

what does congress pass in 1865 and what does it do

13th amendment— banned slavery in the u.s

what does lincoln give when he wins his 2nd term as pres?

second inaugural address

what happened to general lee’s army?

the union captured the train carrying food to lee’s starving army

what did general lee have to do, to whom, and where

surrender to grant at appomattox court house

what happened to the south?

many southern cities and farms were left in ruins

what 3 things did the civil war do for the north?

1. saved the union

2. freed millions of african american slaves

3. made clear that the national gov. was more powerful than the states

what battle did stonewall jackson die at?

battle of chancellorsville (may 2nd, 1863)

what battle did the union take control of miss rv.?

vicksburg

clara barton found?

american red cross