epithelial tissues and vocab

Squamous

Thin, flat epithelial cells

Columnar

Tall, rectangular epithelial cells

Cuboidal

Cube-shaped epithelial cells

Simple

Single layer of cells

Stratified

Multiple layers of cells

Transitional

Epithelial cells that change shape and stretch

Pseudo stratified

Single layer of cells that appear stratified

Exocrine

Glands that secrete substances through ducts

Endocrine

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Monocyte

Type of white blood cell

Apocrine

Glands that secrete substances through the apical portion of the cell

Holocrine

Glands that secrete substances by rupturing the entire cell

Gland

Organ or tissue that produces and releases substances

Epithelial

Tissue that covers surfaces and lines organs

Free surface

Surface of epithelial cells not attached to other cells

Basement membrane

Thin, non-cellular layer that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue

Basil surface

Surface of epithelial cells attached to other cells

Nuclei

Cellular organelles that contain genetic material

Vascular

Relating to blood vessels

Goblet

Epithelial cells that secrete mucus

Duct

Tube-like structure that carries fluids

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands

Connective

Tissue that supports and connects other tissues

Ground substance

Fluid or gel-like substance that fills the space between cells in connective tissue

Extra cellular matrix

Non-cellular component of connective tissue that provides structural support

Fiber

Thread-like structure in connective tissue

Loose Connective tissue

Connective tissue with loosely arranged fibers

Dense connective tissue

Connective tissue with densely packed fibers

Fibrocytes

Cells that produce and maintain connective tissue fibers

Collagen

Protein that provides strength and support to connective tissue

Elastin

Protein that allows connective tissue to stretch and recoil

Adipose

Connective tissue composed of fat cells

Cartilage

Flexible connective tissue found in joints and other structures

Hyaline

Type of cartilage with a smooth and glassy appearance

Fibrocartilage

Type of cartilage with dense collagen fibers

Elastic

Type of cartilage with elastic fibers

Osseous

Relating to bone tissue

Bone

Hard, mineralized connective tissue

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Leukocytes

White blood cells

Plasma

Liquid component of blood

Muscle

Tissue that contracts to produce movement

Nervous

Tissue that transmits electrical signals

Cardiac

Type of muscle tissue found in the heart

Smooth

Type of muscle tissue found in the walls of organs

Skeletal

Type of muscle tissue attached to bones

Striated

Having striped or banded appearance

Neuron

Nerve cell that transmits information

Neuroglia

Supportive cells in the nervous system

What is epithelial tissue?

It is the lining tissue that forms the boundary between our body and the external environment

epithelial tissue functions

Protection

Absorption

Filtration

Secretion

What structures do all epithelial tissues share?

free surface, basal surface, basement membrane, avascular

How are epithelial tissues classified?

shape and number of layers

What is a simple squamous epithelium?

single layer of flat cells, thin and permeable

function of simple squamous epithelium

rapid diffusion of materials

Where are simple squamous epithelium found?

blood vessels and lung tissues

Simple cuboidal epithelium

single layer of cube shaped cells

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: tissues of the kidney

simple columnar epithelium

single layer of tall, closely packed cells - may have cilia and goblet cells, which secrete mucus

Function: secretion of mucus - for protection + absorption of substances.

Located: lining of digestive track

stratified squamous epithelium

Thick layers that provide protection for underlying layers

Located: epidermal layer of skin

stratified cuboidal epithelium

More than one layer of cuboidal cells

Rare in the body

Found in salivary & mammary glands

stratified columnar epithelium

Free surface is lined with columnar cells

Rare in the body

Found in your larynx and the male urethra

pseudo-stratified epithelium

The cell nuclei are found at different levels, so it appears

stratified, even though it is not.

Function: Secretion & Absorption

Found in most of the upper respiratory tract

transitional epithelium

Free surface varies in appearance, based doff the stretching of the tissue

"Transition" = change shape with elasticity

Found in the lining of the urinary bladder

Glandular Epithelium

Gland made of a group of cells, that secrete a fluid substance

Classified by

-Complexity

-How substances are secreted - exocrine + endocrine

exocrine glands

secrete substances outward through a duct

endocrine glands

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Merocrine Gland

excretes via exocytoses

ex. sweat glands

Apocrine Gland

A portion of the cell pinches off with the secreted products

ex. mammary glands

Holocrine Gland

cells rupture and spill products into the duct

ex. sebaceous (oil) glands in skin