AP World History Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from AP World History notes on East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, The Middle East, Africa, The Americas, and Europe.

Song Dynasty

Dynasty in China that used traditional methods of Confucianism and imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule.

Champa Rice

Fast-ripening rice introduced to Song China that increased productive capacity.

Filial Piety

A virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors, significant in Chinese cultural traditions and spread to neighboring regions.

Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism

Influenced East Asia during the Song Dynasty.

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty that used tribute collection and innovative tax-collection systems to generate revenue and that sought to limit the disruptive effects of European-dominated trade.

Qing Dynasty

Dynasty in China that used restrictive policies against Han Chinese.

Tokugawa Japan

Sought to limit the disruptive economic and cultural effects of European-dominated long-distance trade by adopting restrictive or isolationist trade policies.

Zheng He

Ming Admiral who led Chinese maritime activity, resulting in significant technological and cultural transfers.

Opium Wars

Wars through which Britain and France expanded their influence in China, representing economic imperialism by industrialized states.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Legislation showing how receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants and attempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders.

Meiji Era

Period in Japan where internal reform supported industrialization and led to Japan's growing regional power due to the expansion of U.S. and European influence in Asia.

Great Leap Forward

Government-controlled national economy in communist China, often implementing repressive policies.

Deng Xiaoping

Leader under which China promoted economic liberalization in the late 20th century.

Weibo

Example of locally developed social media in China.

Manchukuo/Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Examples of Western and Japanese imperial states maintaining control over colonial holdings between the two world wars.

Korean War

Proxy war between and within postcolonial states in Latin America, Africa, and Asia as a result of the Cold War.

Bhakti Movement, Sufism, Buddhist monasticism

Examples of how Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism continued to shape societies in South Asia.

Vijayanagara Empire, Srivijaya Empire, Rajput kingdoms, Khmer Empire, Majapahit, Sukhothai kingdom, Sinhala dynasties

Examples of new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia.

Gujarat

Powerful new trading city that grew due to the Indian Ocean trade.

Malay communities in the Indian Ocean basin

Diasporic merchant communities in key places along important trade routes.

Sikhism

Religion that developed in South Asia in a context of interactions between Hinduism and Islam.

Muslim–European rivalry in the Indian Ocean

Example of economic disputes that led to rivalries and conflict between states.

1857 rebellion in India

Example of anti-imperial resistance within empires.

Indian National Congress

Example of nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa that sought varying degrees of autonomy within or independence from imperial rule.

Muslim-League in British India

Example of a regional, religious, and ethnic movement that challenged colonial rule and inherited imperial boundaries.

Partition of India

An example of the redrawing of political boundaries that led to conflict as well as population displacement and resettlements.

Indira Ghandi's economic policies in India

Example of a newly independent state after World War II where the government took on a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development.

Sultanate of Malacca

Example of the impact of the Indian Ocean trading network fostering the growth of states.

Ship building in southeast Asia

Example of how industrialized states increased their share of global manufacturing during the First Industrial Revolution, while Middle Eastern and Asian countries' share in global manufacturing declined.

Shift from the Dutch East India Company to Dutch government control in Indonesia and Southeast Asia

Example of some states with existing colonies strengthening their control over those colonies and in some cases assuming direct control over colonies previously held by non-state entities.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

Examples of changing economic institutions, multinational corporations, and regional trade agreements that reflected the spread of principles and practices associated with free-market economics throughout the world.

Sukarno in Indonesia

Related to the Non-Aligned Movement, opposing and promoting alternatives to the existing economic, political, and social orders.

Ho Chi Minh in French Indochina (Vietnam)

Examples of nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa that sought varying degrees of autonomy within or independence from imperial rule.

Mamluk sultanate of Egypt

Example of new Islamic political entities that emerged as the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented.

Swahili Arabs

Example of Indian Ocean Asian merchants.

Safavid-Mughal Conflict

Example of political and religious disputes that led to rivalries and conflict between states.

Muhammad Ali's development of a cotton textile industry in Egypt

Example of how a state government promoted their own state-sponsored visions of industrialization as the influence of the Industrial Revolution grew.

Gamal Adbel Nasser in Egypt

Examples of nationalist leaders and parties in Asia and Africa that sought varying degrees of autonomy within or independence from imperial rule.

White Revolution in Iran

Example of movements to redistribute land and resources that developed within states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism or socialism.

Mongol Khanates

Example of Empires that collapsed in different regions of the world and in some areas were replaced by new imperial states.

Transfer of Greco–Islamic medical knowledge to western Europe

Example of interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires that encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers.

Mamluk sultanate in Egypt

Example of how Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia.

Great Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Hausa kingdoms

Examples of state systems in Africa.

City-states of the Swahili Coast

Examples of states fostered by the Indian Ocean trading network.

Samory Touré's military battles in West Africa

Example of anti-imperial resistance that took various forms, including direct resistance.

Kwame Nkrumah in British Gold Coast (Ghana)

Examples of nationalist leaders and parites in Asia and Africa that sought varying degrees of autonomy within or independence from imperial rule.

Maya city-states; Mexica; Inca; Chaco; Mesa Verde; Cahokia

Examples of state systems in the Americas.

Slave Resistance

Challenged existing authorities in the Americas.

American Revolution

Inspired by democratic ideals.

German and Italian unifications

Examples of newly imagined national communities often linked this new national identity with borders of the state, and in some cases, nationalists challenged boundaries or sought unification of fragmented regions.

Ottoman Devshirme

Example of recruitment and use of bureaucratic elites, as well as the development of military professionals, which became more common among rulers who wanted to maintain centralized control over their populations and resources.

Ottoman tax farming

Example of rulers using tribute collection, tax farming, and innovative tax-collection systems to generate revenue in order to forward state power and expansion.

Ottoman Timars

Example of Existing elites.

Versailles

European palace that exemplifies rulers use of religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule.

European notions of divine right

Examples of rulers using religious ideas, art, and monumental architecture to legitimize their rule.