WEEK 9-10: THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP

Leadership theories

Seek to explain how and why certain people become leaders

Great Man theories

Trait theories

Contingency theories (situational theories)

Behavioral Theories

Participative theories

Management theories

Relationship theories

Types of Leadership theories

Great man theories

Great leaders are simple born with the necessary internal characteristics such as charisma, confidence, intelligence, and social skills

charisma, confidence, intelligence, and social skills

Great man leaders are simple born with the necessary internal characteristics such as ________

Thomas Carlyle

Great man theory is by

Great man theories

Great leaders are born, not made

Great man theories

These theories often portray great leaders as heroic, mythic, and destined to rise to leadership when needed

Male quality and military leadership

“Great man” was used because at the time, leadership was thought of primarily as a _____, especially in terms of _____

Great Man Theory

Theories suggest that people cannot really learn how to become strong leaders

Great Man theories

Its either something you are born with or born without

Trait theories

Assume that people inherit certain qualities and traits that make them bettwer suited to leadership

Gordon Allport

Trait theory is by

Central

Cardinal

Secondary

Trait theory is into three levels

Cardinal

Dominate an individual life

Cardinal

What a person is known for this traits

Cardinal

It is a very rare trait

Central

General characteristics of trait like being intelligent, shy, anxious

Contingency theories

Situational theories

Contingency theories

Focus on particular values related to the environment that might determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the situation

S1-Directing

S2-Coaching

S3-Supporting

S4-Delegating

The four leadership style

S1-directing

Highly directive behavior with little supportive emphasis

S2-Coaching

Highly directive behavior with high levels of support

S3-Supporting

Highly supportive behavior with low levels of support

S4-Delegating

Low supportive behavior and low directive emphasis too

Contingency theory

No leadership style is best in all situation

Leadership style

Refers to a leaders characteristics behavior when directing, motivating, guiding, and managing groups of people

directing, motivating, guiding, managing

Leadership style refers to a leaders characteristics behavior when ____, ______, _____, and _____ groups of people

Leadership style

They can also motivate others to perform, create, and innovate

perform, create, innovate

Leadership style they can also motivate others to ___, _____, and ______

Kurt Lewin

Set out identify different styles of leadership

Authoritarian Leadership (Autocratic)

Participative Leadership (Democratic)

Delegative Leadership (Laissez-Faire)

Other leadership style:

Transformational leadership style

Transactional Leadership Style

Situational leadership style

Types of Leadership Style

Transformational Leadership style

Identifies as the single most effective style

Bernard M. Bass

Transformational leadership was first described during the late 1970

Transformational leadership style

Leadership are the abilities to motivate and inspire followers and to direct positive changes in groups

Transformational leaders

Tend to be emotionally, intelligent, energetic, and passionate

emotionally, intelligent, energetic, passionate

Transformational Leaders tend to be ____,____ , _____, and _____

Transformational Leadership style

Not only committed to helping the organization achieve its goals, but also to helping group members fulfill their potential

Authoritarian leadership

Also known as autocratic leaders

Authoritarian leadership

Provide clear expectation for what needs to be done when it should be done, and how it should be done

Authoritarian Leadership style

Strongly focused on both command by the leader and control of the followers

Authoritarian leadership style

There is also a clear division between the leader and the members

Authoritarian leaders

Make decisions independently with little or no input from the rest of the group

Authoritarian leadership style

Decision-making was less creative

Controlling, bossy, and dictatorial

Abuse of authoritarian leadership is usully viewed as ____,_____,____

Authoritarian leadership

Best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision-making or where the leader is the most knowledgeable member

Participative leadership

Also known as democratic leadership

Participative leadership

The most effective leadership style

Democratic leaders

Offer guidance to group members, but they also participate in the group and all input from other group members

Participative leaders

Encourage group members to participate but retain the final say in the decision-making process

Participative leadership

Group members fell engages in the process and are more motivated and creative

Democratic leader

Make followers fell like they are an important part of the team, which help foster commitment to the goal of the group

Laissez-faire

Delegative leadership or?

Delegative leadership

The followers in this group also made more demand on the leader, showed little cooperation and were unable to work independently

Delegative leaders

Offers little or no guidance to group members and leave decision-making up to the group members

Delegative leadership

It often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack of motivation

Laissez-faire

Tended to result in groups that lacked direction

Members blamed each other for mistakes, refused to accept personal responsibility, and produced lack of progress and work

Laissez-faire tended to result in groups that lacked direction where _________, ________ and _________

Transformational leadership style

This style of leadership resulted in higher performance and more improved group satisfaction

Transactional leadership style

Views the leader-follower relationship as a transaction

Transactional leadership style

Focuses on the follower completing required tasks in exchange for monetary compensation

It creates clearly defined roles

One of the main advantages of transactional leadership is that

Transactional leadership

It also allows leaders to offer s great deal of supervision and direction if its needed

Transactional leadership

Group members may also be motivated to performed well to receive rewards

Hershey and Blanchard’s leadership style

Blanchard’s SLII leadership style

2 types of situational leadership style

Hershey and Blanchard’s model

One of the best-known situational theories

Telling style

Selling style

Participating style

Delegating style

Hershey and Blanchard’s model four primary styles of leadership

Telling style

Characterized by telling people what to do

Selling style

Leaders convincing followers to buy into their ideas and messages

Participating style

Marked by allowing group members to take a more active role in the decision- making process

Delegating style

Taking a hands off approach to leadership and allowing group members to make the majority of decisions

Blanchard’s SLII leadership style

Emphasize how the developmental and skill level of learners influences the style

Directing style

Coaching style

Delegating style

Supporting style

Blanchard also described four different learning styles

Directing style

Involves giving orders and expecting obedience but offers little in the way of guidance and assistance

Coaching style

Means giving lots of orders, but leaders also give lots of support

Supporting style

Approach that offers plenty of help but very little direction

Delegating style

Low in both direction and support

Behavioral theories

Theories of leadership are based upon the belief that great leaders are made, not born

Behavioral theories

The flip-side of the great man theories

Behavioral theories

This leadership theory focuses on the actions of leaders, not on mental

Behavioral theories

According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation

Participative theories

Suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that takes the inout of others into accounts

Participative leadership

These leaders encourage participation and contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and committed to the decision making process.

Participative theories

The leaders retains the right to allow the input of others

Management theories

Also known as transactional theories

Management theories

Focus on the role of supervision, organization and group performance

Management theories

These theories base leadership on a system of rewards and punishment

Managerial theories

It is often used in business

Relationship

Also known as transformational theories

Relationship theories

Focus upon the connections formed between leaders and follwers

Relationship theory

Motivate and inspire people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of the task

Relationship theories

Focused on the performance of the group members but also want to each person to fulfill his or her potential

Relationship theories

Leaders with this style often have high ethical and moral standards

Early leadership theories

Focused on what qualities distinguished between leaders and followers

Subsequent theories

Looked at other variables such as situational factors and skill levels