Fitz APUSH Final Exam Flashcards

Columbus

Italian explorer credited with discovering the Americas in 1492.

Captain John Smith

Leader of Jamestown, helped establish the first permanent English settlement.

Powhatan

Native American chief associated with the Powhatan Confederacy.

Lord De La Warr

Early English colonial leader, governor of Jamestown.

John Rolfe

Introduced tobacco cultivation in Jamestown, married Pocahontas.

Pocahontas

Native American woman, associated with the early Jamestown colony.

Massasoit

Wampanoag chief who had a significant role in the Plymouth Colony's early years.

John Winthrop

Puritan leader, first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan dissenter, advocated for religious freedom.

Roger Williams

Founder of Rhode Island, supported religious tolerance.

King Philip

Native American leader in King Philip's War against English settlers.

William Penn

Founder of Pennsylvania, advocate for religious freedom and tolerance.

Nathaniel Bacon

Led Bacon's Rebellion against colonial Virginia's government.

Governor Berkeley

Colonial governor during Bacon's Rebellion.

Nathanael Hawthorne

American author, famous for "The Scarlet Letter."

Patrick Henry

American Revolutionary leader, known for his "Give me liberty or give me death" speech.

Jonathan Edwards

Theologian, known for the Great Awakening sermons.

George Whitefield

Influential preacher during the Great Awakening.

Phillis Wheatley

Enslaved African-American poet, first published African-American female writer.

Benjamin Franklin

Founding Father, inventor, and author.

John Peter Zenger

Involved in a landmark freedom of the press case in colonial America.

George Washington

First President of the United States, Revolutionary War leader.

John Adams

Second President of the United States, Founding Father.

John Hancock

Prominent Founding Father, known for his large signature on the Declaration of Independence.

George Grenville

British Prime Minister, implemented unpopular taxes leading to colonial discontent.

Crispus Attucks

African-American killed in the Boston Massacre, symbol of the Revolution.

King George III

British monarch during the American Revolution.

Samuel Adams

Founding Father, leader of the Sons of Liberty.

Thomas Hutchinson

Royal governor of Massachusetts during a period of unrest.

Marquis de Lafayette

French military officer who supported the American Revolution.

Baron von Steuben

Prussian officer who trained the Continental Army during the Revolution.

Benedict Arnold

American general who later betrayed the Continental Army.

Richard Henry Lee

Introduced the resolution for independence to the Continental Congress.

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence, third President of the United States.

General Braddock

British general during the French and Indian War.

William Pitt

British Prime Minister during the French and Indian War, supported the colonies.

General Howe

British general during the American Revolution.

John Paul Jones

American naval hero during the Revolution.

Daniel Shays

Leader of Shays' Rebellion, protesting economic injustices.

James Madison

"Father of the Constitution," fourth President of the United States.

Alexander Hamilton

Founding Father, first Secretary of the Treasury.

John Jay

Founding Father, first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Albert Gallatin

Secretary of the Treasury under Jefferson and Madison.

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, influential in establishing judicial review.

Samuel Chase

Supreme Court Justice, signed the Declaration of Independence.

Aaron Burr

Vice President, known for the Burr-Hamilton duel.

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader, opposed American expansion in the Northwest.

William Henry Harrison

Ninth President of the United States, died shortly after taking office.

Henry Clay

Influential senator, known for the American System and the Missouri Compromise.

James Monroe

Fifth President of the United States, author of the Monroe Doctrine.

John Quincy Adams

Sixth President of the United States, diplomat, and statesman.

Andrew Jackson

Seventh President of the United States, known for populism and Indian removal.

Daniel Webster

Orator and statesman, famous for his speeches in the Senate.

Nicholas Biddle

President of the Second Bank of the United States.

John C. Calhoun

Vice President, strong advocate for states' rights.

David Crockett

Frontiersman, soldier, and politician.

Stephen Austin

Founder of Texas, led American colonization in Mexican Texas.

Sam Houston

Leader of the Texan forces during the Texas Revolution.

Santa Anna

Mexican general and president, involved in the Texas Revolution and Mexican-American War.

Martin Van Buren

Eighth President of the United States, key figure in the development of the Democratic Party.

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin, influential in the development of interchangeable parts.

Dorothea Dix

Reformer, advocated for mental health reform and prison conditions.

Susan B. Anthony

Women's suffrage advocate.

Lucretia Mott

Women's rights and anti-slavery advocate.

Brigham Young

Leader of the Mormon Church, led the Mormons to Utah.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women's suffrage advocate and organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Transcendentalist philosopher and writer.

Walt Whitman

Renowned American poet.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin," anti-slavery advocate.

Nat Turner

Leader of a slave rebellion in Virginia.

William Lloyd Garrison

Abolitionist, editor of "The Liberator."

Frederick Douglass

Former slave, abolitionist, and influential speaker.

Elijah Lovejoy

Abolitionist, murdered for his anti-slavery views.

Lewis Cass

Politician and military officer, Democratic nominee for President in 1848.

Harriet Tubman

Abolitionist and conductor of the Underground Railroad.

Daniel Webster

Statesman, known for his debates on states' rights and the Union.

William Seward

Secretary of State under Lincoln, negotiated the purchase of Alaska.

Franklin Pierce

Fourteenth President of the United States.

Stephen A. Douglas

Politician, debated Lincoln on the issue of slavery.

John Tyler

Tenth President of the United States.

James K. Polk

Eleventh President of the United States, known for territorial expansion.

Abraham Lincoln

Sixteenth President of the United States, led the nation during the Civil War.

Zachary Taylor

Twelfth President of the United States, military hero in the Mexican-American War.

Winfield Scott

Military hero in the Mexican-American War and Union general during the Civil War.

David Wilmot

Author of the Wilmot Proviso, opposed the extension of slavery.

John Brown

Abolitionist, led the raid on Harper's Ferry.

James Buchanan

Fifteenth President of the United States.

Charles Sumner

Abolitionist senator, brutally attacked for his anti-slavery views.

Preston Brooks

Southern senator who attacked Sumner on the Senate floor.

Dred Scott

Enslaved man who sued for his freedom, leading to a controversial Supreme Court decision.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America.

Alexander Stephens

Vice President of the Confederate States of America.

Clara Barton

Nurse and founder of the American Red Cross.

George McClellan

Union general during the Civil War.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general during the Civil War.

“Stonewall” Jackson

Confederate general known for his tactics.

George Pickett

Confederate general known for Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general, later President of the United States.

William T. Sherman

Union general known for "Sherman's March to the Sea."

Salmon P. Chase

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Lincoln's Secretary of the Treasury.