Classics 250 - Exam 2 Lesson 8 Material

Inflected

Words change their forms (usually their endings) to indicate their functions in the sentence

Declension

The patterns of inflections for nouns and adjectives

Conjugation

Verb inflection patterns

Latin diminutive suffixes

form nouns (from other nouns) that express the idea of smallness. An example of this is the word fibril, which means small fiber.

Examples of some diminutive suffixes

-culus/-cle

-ella/-ellum

-olus/-ola

-ulus/-ule

Assimilation of consonants

A consonant sound in a word changes to sound more like a neighboring consonant sound

Assimilation

The process of making one thing similar to another

ad- = toward

SIMIL(AT)- = same, like

-ion = noun ending meaning act of

the ‘d’ in ad, when placed before ‘s',’ loses its sound, becomes ‘s’

How did the word “insulin” get it’s name?

It takes its name from the islets of Langerhans, cell clusters in the pancreas that resemble islands.

Where do the words “vaccine” and “vaccination” come from?

The Latin vacca (cow)

Edward Jenner discovered that injecting cowpox virus into humans provided immunity against smallpox (vaccination).

Adrenal glands

ad- = at

REN- = kidney

-al = noun ending

“at the kidneys”

Radix malorum est cupiditas

Love of money is the root of evils

Pertaining to the brain’ intellectual (Latin-based)

Cerebral

device for measuring temperature (Latin-based)

thermometer

Situated or occurring outside/on the outside (Latin-based)

external

What word describes a person terrified by a disorderly enviornment?

ataxophobic

What is the more common way of saying “prostatic hyperplasia”?

enlarged prostate

dorsal part of speech

adjective

calcify part of speech

verb

cephaloid part of speech

adjective

hypercalcemia part of speech

noun

visceromegaly part of speech

noun

sanguine part of speech

adjective

nontoxic part of speech

adjective

cytolysis part of speech

noun

thermodynamics part of speech

noun

polymorphism part of speech

noun

geriatrician part of speech

noun

aerobe part of speech

noun

In Greek Mythology, who was Morpheus, and how does his name relate to medical or scientific terminology? Include in your response an example of a medical or scientific term that comes from his name, and what the word means

In Greek Mythology, Morpheus is the Greek god of dreams, and is the son of Hypnos (the god of sleep). He is named this way because of his function/role as a god: he was thought to shape ("morph") people's dreams. Additionally, one way Morpheus is related to medical or scientific terminology is through the word "morphine". This chemical compound was given a name after Morpheus because of the dreams that the drug induces.

Briefly explain what a “diminutive” suffix is, provide an example of a word with such a suffix, and explain the literal meaning of the word you have provided.

A diminutive suffix is a noun-forming suffix that signifies smallness (of something). These suffixes usually have a single or double “L” somewhere in them. An example of a word with a diminutive suffix is the word “fibril,” (FIBR-il) which literally means small fiber.

Geriatric

GER-IATR-ic

GER- = old age

IATR- = healer/physician

-ic = adjective (or noun)-forming suffix

pertaining to old age (and pertaining to the medical practice related to older patients).

decapitate

de-CAPIT-ate

de- is a Latin prefix meaning down/away from

CAPIT- is a Latin word stem for head

-ate is a Latin suffix that forms adjectives that means possessing or having the form of.

Thus, decapitate is an adjective that means “pertaining to/describing something that has its head cut off”.