Hypothesis Testing and Sampling Distributions

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to hypothesis testing, sampling distributions, and variables from the lecture notes.

Variance

A measure of how much values in a data set differ from the mean.

Sampling Distribution

The probability distribution of a given statistic based on a random sample.

Central Limit Theorem

States that the sampling distribution of the sample mean will approach a normal distribution as the sample size increases.

Null Hypothesis

A hypothesis that there is no effect or no difference, and it is the hypothesis that researchers aim to test.

Alternative Hypothesis

The hypothesis that suggests there is an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

Type I Error

The error made when the null hypothesis is true but is rejected.

Type II Error

The error made when the null hypothesis is false but is not rejected.

Rejection Region

The set of all values of the test statistic that lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

Test Statistic

A standardized value that is calculated from sample data during a hypothesis test.

Power of the Test

The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false.