A&P Exam 3 ch 8

Abduction

movement of a limb away from the midline

Adduction

movement of a limb toward the midline

Amiphiarthrotic

Slightly movable

Arthritis

inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the joints; widespread and crippling;

bacterial, autoimmune, wear and tear

Bursae

flattened fibrous sacs; lined with synovial membrane; filled with fluid; provides cushioning and eliminates friction

Bursitis

Inflammation of bursae

Cirumduction

movement of a limb so that it describes a cone in space

Diarthrotic

Freely moveable

Dislocation

bones forced out of alignment; sprain, inflammation, joint immobilization

Dorsiflexion

lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the sh

Eversion

foot turning laterally

Extension

reverse of flexion; increases the angle between articulating bones

Flexion

decreases the angle of the joint; brings articulating bones together

Gomphosis joint

peg in socket; ex. tooth in socket; synarthrotic

Gout

uric acid crystals in the join; uric acid comes from the breakdown of nucleic acids; collects in feet b/c of gravity

Hyperextension

extension beyond upright position

Inversion

foot turning medially

Joint

Place where bones articulate

Ligament

Bands of dense regular CT- collagen bone to bone

Ligament teres

ligament at the head of the femur, flat intracapsular band; unclear

function; contains artery that supplies the head of the femur

Plantar flexion

depressing the foot and pointing the toes

Pronation

palm or face down

Protraction

Retraction

nonangular posterior movements in a transverse plane

Rotation

the turning of a bone around its own axis; medial or lateral

Sprain

Damage to a joint supporting ligaments are stretched or torn

Supination

Palm or face up

Suture

Bones connected by short fibers- synarthrotic

Symphysis

Bones joined joined by fibrocartilage provides strength with flexibility

Synarthrosis

Immovable

Synchondrosis

Bar/hard plate of highland cartilage joins bones-synarthroic

Syndesmosis

Bones connected by long fibers (ligament) synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic

Synovial joint

articulating bones are covered by hyaline cartilage and enclosed within an synovial/articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid; most common type of joint; all dyarthrotic; plane, hinge, condyloid, ball and socket, pivot, saddle

Tendon

Bands of CT- Collagen, skeletal muscle to bone

Tendon sheath

Elongated bursae that wrap completely around a tendon subjected to friction

Tendonitis

Inflammation of the tendon sheath