Cognitive Biasis

Denying Contrary Evidence

Ignoring or resisting evidence that goes against what we already believe intentionally or unintentionally.

Confirmation Bias

intentionally or unintentionally seeking only evidence that supports our belief.

Motivated Reasoning

Reasoning for the purpose of defending a pre-chosen conclusion.

Availability Error

Giving too much weight to evidence just because it is vivid, recent, or emotionally striking.

Priming effect

An implicit-memory phenomenon in which exposure to one stimulus unconsciously influences responses to a subsequent stimulus.

Halo-effect

Observers tend to bend their judgement according to one patent characteristic of the person (the "halo"), generalizing towards a judgement of that person's character.

Implicit Bias

Unconscious negative (or positive) attitudes towards groups that shape our perception and judgment.

Mere Exposure Effect

Repeated exposure leading to feeling more positive or comfortable with something, just because it’s familiar.

Illusion-of-Truth Effect

Repeating a claim makes it apparently more true, regardless of its evidence.

False Consensus Effect

Overestimating how many people share our opinions or preferences because of the social circle we are in.

Dunning–Kruger Effect

The least competent often overestimate their ability, because they lack the sufficient skills and knowledge to recognize their own mistakes and ignorance.

Anchoring Effect

starting to reason from an arbitrary “anchor,” even when the anchor is irrelevant.

Framing Effect

Different wording or “frame” of the same information leads to different decisions (e.g. 90% survival vs 10% mortality)