APUSH: Ch. 4 Buzzwords Part 2 - Jackson's Presidency to the Industrial Revolution

Election of 1828

- Jackson wins the presidency
- Calhoun becomes VP
- Marks shift in power towards common men of South and West

Andrew Jackson

President (1829-1937)
- Participated in active campaigning and popularized mudslinging
-Weaponized his image as a war hero to gain votes
- Leader of the democrats
- Victim in the Corrupt Bargain

Democratic Party (Jacksonians)

Major political party of Election of 1828
- Formation marked the end of Era of Good Feelings
- Split from the Democratic-Republican Party
- Want weaker federal government
- Favored states rights, the small farmers, slave holders, etc.
- Grass Root campaigns

National Republicans

Major political party of Election of 1828
- Split from the Democratic-Republican Party
- Formation marked the end of Era of Good Feelings
- Support the National bank
- For high tariffs, but want slightly lower tariffs with fewer items
- Candidate: John Quincy Adams

Spoils System

The political system where positions in government are determined by your close relations with the President rather than qualifications

Peggy Eaton

Controversial wife of Secretary of War who divided Jackson's cabinet

John C. Calhoun

Vice President of the United States during Jackson's presidency
- Disagreements with Jackson led to him resigning
- Eventually led the secession in South Caroline

Maysville Road

One of the numerous internal improvements that was vetoed by Jackson
- Kentucky Road that was to be built by the federal government

Worcester vs Georgia

Supreme court case
- Cherokees in Georgia establish land there and white people want to take it from them
- Marshall rules that the Cherokees have a right to their land
- Ruling ignored by Jackson

Trail of Tears

Native Americans are foribly removed from their property and for

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

1828; The proclamation by South Carolina that stated the high Protective tariff was unconstitutional and that, even if it isn't, they're within their right to nullify the tariff
- Written by Calhoun

Denmark Vesey

Slave Revolt in SC; locals became scared the North would use it to band slavery

Webster-Hayne Debate

1830; A debate concerning the development and distribution of Western land. NE wants slow development and high tariffs South wants neither of those

Tariff of 1832

The tariff meant to satisfy the South after the Tariff of Abominations; doesn't work and Calhoun resigns

Ordinance of Nullification

Issued by South Carolina to nullify tariffs in their state; plans to secede afterwards

Force Bill

Bill passed to authorize use of military force and enforce Federal law

Tariff of 1833

Tariff issued in order to compromise with South Carolina; decreases overtime until it's 25%

Election of 1832

Clay (Republican) vs Jackson (Democrat); Jackson dominates, indicating support for destroying the National Bank

Anto-Masonic Party

Political party/Secret society that created the first Nominating convention

Pet Banks

State and local banks issued by Jackson to replace the National bank

Pocket Veto

A type of veto where the President would postpone signing a bill until it expired; often used by Jackson

Texas

A future US state that was originally a part of Mexico; populated by Americans which created problems

Battle of San Janico

The battle in which Texas gained its independence

Texan Revolution

Started in the Alamo; caused by taxation without representation and banning of slavery

Lonestar Republic

The system of government of Texas while it was an independent nation; tried to become US state, but didn't because it would upset the slave-free state balance

Election of 1836

Van Buren wins the election against the Whig Party

Whig Party

A sectionalist party united by their hatred of Andrew Jackson; temporarily replaced the republicans
- NE wants a national bank, high tariff, and no immigration
- W and S want internal improvements and states rights

Panic of 1837

Economic depression caused by Jackson's Pet banks
- Overprinting notes and expanding farmers

Specie Circular

AJ policy that decreed people need gold and silver to pa back loans; multiple business and farmers can't pay; People blame Van Buren

1838 Elections

Whig party takes over the House and Senate

Election of 1840

Harrison (Whig Party) wins the election; President dies 30 days later

Whig Convention

The Whig party elects William Henry Harrison as their representative and John Tyler as the VP

Industrial Revolution

Brought to America by Samuel Slater; Era of increase of manufacturing and mass production

Patent Laws

Laws that garauntee nobody can copy a product or method for 14 years

Cotton Gin

A labor saving device that exponentially increased the production of cotton and revived slavery; made by Eli Whiteney

Labor Saving Devices

Machines that decreased the amount of workers required

Labor

Women, men, and children start working in factories; harsh conditions and lack of pay

Labor Unions

Coalition of workers to defend their rights; Caused by the horrible working conditions

Commonwealth vs Hunt

1842; Court case that declared labor unions are perfectly legal

John Deere

Company, person, and thing; Labor saving device that's a steel plow; more land and planted crops

McCormick Reaper

Labor-saving device that made harvesting faster and easier; created by McCormick Reaper

Transportation Revolution

A spike in internal improvements such as roads, railroads, and canals

National Road

1811-1852; Countrywide road to the west built to unify the US and increase trade and immigration travel

Steamboat

Created by Robert Fulton; people can now travel upstream

Clipper Ships

1840s-1850s; wooden ships developed for faraway commerce

Commodore Matthew Perry

The guy who forced Japan to open their market to the US

Steamships

Replace clipper ships in the 1860's; oceangoing ships that are a way for poor people to get to the US