AHS-102 Blood System

Chapter 6

agglutin/o

agglutin/o

clumping (cf)

bas/o

base (cf)

chrom/o

color (cf)

coagul/o

clotting (cf)

eosin/o

rosy red (cf)

fus/o

pouring (cf)

granul/o

granules (cf)

hem/o, hemat/o, sanguin/o

blood (cf)

morph/o

shape (cf)

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord (cf)

neutr/o

neutral (cf)

phag/o

eat, swallow (cf)

septic/o

infection

-apheresis

removal (s)

-crit

separation of (s)

-cytic

pertaining to cells (s)

-cytosis

more than the normal number of cells (s)

-emia

blood condition (s)

-globin

protein (s)

-oid

resembling (s)

-penia

abnormal decrease (s)

-phil

attracted to (s)

-philia

condition of being attracted to (s)

-philic

pertaining to being attracted to (s)

-plastic

pertaining to formation (s)

-plastin, -poiesis

formation (s)

-rrhagic

pertaining to abnormal flow (s)

-stasis

standing still (s)

The aerage adult has about _______ of blood.

5 liters

Blood cells are produced in the ________.

bone marrow

Plasma

55% of the blood, 90% water, 10% dissolved substances (proteins)

albumin

transports fatty substances

gamma globulins

act as antibodies

fibrinogen

clotting protein

Erythrocytes

red blood cells, enucleated biconcave disks, 35 trillion in adults, live 120 days, removed by spleen

hemoglobin

gives red blood cells their color, pigment containing iron, responsible for transporting oxygen

leukocytes

white blood cells, spherical with a large nucleus, protect against pathogens, granulocytes & agranulocytes

granulocytes

have granules in cytoplasm, basophils & eosinophils & neutrophils

basophils

release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue

eosinophils

destroy parasites and increase during allergic reactions

neutrophils

engulf foreign material and dead cells via phagocytosis

argranulocytes

do not have granules, monocytes & lymphocytes

monocytes

engulf foreign and damaged cells via phagocytosis

lymphocytes

provide protection during the immune response

platelets

smallest formed element of the blood, platelike fragments of larger cells that have broken apart, crtitical to blood clotting

marker proteins

on the surface of erythrocytes, cause different blood types

Type A Blood

can receive types A and O

Type B Blood

can receive types B and O

Type AB Blood

can receive all types of blood

Type O Blood

can only receive O blood, but is universal donor

erythr/o

red (cf)

fibrin/o

fibers

leuk/o

white (cf)

lip/o

fat (cf)

lymph/o

lymph (cf)

phleb/o

vein (cf)

thromb/o

clot (cf)

-ia

condition (s)

-ion

action (s)

-lytic

destruction (s)

-oma

mass (s)

-otomy

cutting into (s)

a-, an-

without (p)

anti-, contra-

against (p)

auto-

self (p)

dys-

abnormal (p)

homo-

same (p)

hyper-

excessive (p)

hypo-

insufficient (p)

mono-

one (p)

pan-

all (p)

poly-

many (p)

trans-

across (p)

basophilic

pertaining to a WBC that attracts a basic pH stain

eosinophilic

pertaining to a WBC that attracts a rosy red stain

lymphocytic

pertaining to a WBC formed in lyphatic tissue

monocytic

pertaining to a WBC with a single large nucleus

neutrophilic

pertaining to a WBC that attracts neutral pH stain

sanguineous

pertaining to blood

coagulate

to convert a liquid to solid, blood clotting

dyscrasia

general term for disease affectng blood

thrombus

hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the result of the blood-clotting process

hemophilia

genetic disorder; blood fails to clot due to lack of one clotting factor

hyperlipidemia

excessive level of lipids in the bloodstream; risk factor for atheroclerosis

septicemia

having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream; also called blood poisoning

anemia

group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues

aplastic anemia

severe anemia; may require bone marrow transplant

hemolytic reaction

destruction of RBCs when a patient receives an incompatible blood transfusion

polycythemia vera

condition of having too many RBCs; blood is too thick and flows sluggishly

thalassemia

genetic disorder in which the body is unable to produce functioning hemoglobin

leukemia

cancer of white blood cell-forming portion of bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in bloodstream

blood analyzer

automated machine that analyzes different characteristics of a blood specimen

blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)

incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them

complete blood count (CBC)

counts all elements of blood

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

determines rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube

hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)

measures amount of hemoglobin present

prothrombin time

measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot

white blood cell differential (diff)

determines the number of each variety of white blood cell

bone marrow aspiration

sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia