Foundations Exam 1 Lecture 4 (caring in nursing practice)

Leininger's Transcultural Caring

- know pt cultural norms for caring practices

- know pt cultural practicers for end of life care / removal of life support

- must understand and apply cultural caring behaviors

- care (unlike cure) helps individuals/groups improve a human condition

What sets nursing apart from other health care disciplines?

Caring

Jean Watson transpersonal caring theory

- must be intentional

- promotes healing and wholeness

- rejects the disease orientation to health care

- places care before cure

- emphasizes the nurse-pt relationship

- focus = people behind the pt, nursing, and caring relationship

- caring/caritas = transpersonal and involves a relationship (pt & nurse), takes place in a caring moment

Swanson's Theory of Caring

- involves mutual give and take that develops as a nurse and pt begin to know and care for one another

- caring = nurturing way of relating to a valued other, toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility

5 cat of caring

- knowning

- being with

- doing for

- enabling (help pt process through new event)

- maintaining belief (hope attitude)

Pt Perceptions of Caring

- pt value skill, but also value caring (art of nursing)

- perception of caring affect pt satisfaction

- pt who feel cared for = more active in plan of care

- knowing your pt helps you select approaches that are best for each individual pt

Ethic of Care

- know what behavior is appropriate

- do not make professional decisions based soley on intellectual/analytical principles

- caring is at center of decision making

- nurse = pt advocate

- each pt = unique being

Caring in nursing practice looks like

- providing presence

- listening

- spiritual caring

- family care

- touch

- knowing the pt

- relieving symptoms and suffering

providing presence examples

- eye contact

- body language

- tone of voice

- listening

- positive and encouraging attitude

Touch / types of touch

- provides comfort

- creates a connection

- contact touch - touching pt

- non contact touch - eye contact

- protective touch (pt/nurse) can be positive or negative

ex. prevents a fall (+) , when RN steps away from pt bc it - - hurts RN too much personally (-)

- task-oriented touch

ex. do an IV

- therapeutic touch

Active Listening does what

- creates trust

- open lines of communication

- creates a mutual relationship

Knowing the pt

- develops over time

- core process of clinical decision making

- aspects include

responses to therapy, routines, habits,

coping resources

preferences

physical capacities and endurance

Spiritual Care

Spiritual health is achieved when a person can find a balance between his life values, goals, and belief symptoms and those of others.

Spirituality offers a sense of interpersonal and transpersonal connectedness.

Challenge of Caring

- Task-Oriented biomedical model

- Time constraints

- Institutional demand

- Reliance of tech, cost-effective strategies, standardized work processes

if health care is to make a positive difference in pt's lives, health care must become more holistic and humanistic

EMPATHY mnemonic

empathic concern and understanding = essential for caring

E = eye contact

M = muscles of facial expression

P = posture

A = affect

T = tone of voice

H = hearing the whole person

Y = your response