Chapter 3 TEST - pt 1, arbitrary info

Stott Bio

Nonpolar

Bonds between carbon and hydrogen are ______

Methane, tetrahedral

_____ is a simple organic compound with one carbon bonded to four hydrogens. It has a ________ shape because the hydrogen wants to be as far away from each other as possible.

Overheat

If you ______ methane, you can get it to release energy and become more unstable

Less

The more carbons something has, generally, the ____ volatile it is.

Less

The more branching something has, generally, the _____ volatile it is.

Isomer

An ______ is when two compounds have the same chemical formula but different structures

Geometric

You cannot have a ______ isomer without a double bond (that can cause it to have a nonlinear structure usually)

Trans

_____ isomers are more stable. These have different elements diagonal from each other

Cis

______ isomers are less stable (because elements next to each other, although wanting to repel, the space they take slightly overlaps). They have the same elements on the same sides.

Enantiomers, chiral

________ are when there is a mirror image over the central (____) carbon.

Different

Chiral carbons have to connect to 4 ______ things to have potential to become an enantiomer

Bigger

Organic molecules are usually ______ than inorganic molecules

Potential

______ energy is stored energy (like energy of place in currently)

5

One of the largest inorganic molecules has ___ atoms

Carbon and hydrogen, oxygen

Organic molecules have to have ________, and usually, _____

Methane

_____ is the smallest organic molecule (CH4)

Methanol, Hydroxyl

______ is more flammable than methane because of the extra ____ group instead of a hydrogen

Enzymes

______ push reactions to take place by adding energy - acts as a catalyst

Saccharide bonds, disaccharide, glycosidic linkage

Bonds between saccharides: ______, becoming a _______. This is the same thing as a _______

Peptide bonds

Bonds between amino acids: ________

Ester bonds, glycerol, fatty acid

Bonds between fats/lipids: _______ (takes the h from the _____ backbone, and the oh from the ______)

Phosphodiester bonds

Bonds between nucleic acids: ________

Bilayer, fatty acids

Lipids form a ______ when put in water and shaken, with the ______ facing the inside, and the other hydrophilic parts on the outside

Amino acids

________ are the backbones of a protein

Carboxyl, amino, phosphate

______ groups are acids, _____ groups are bases, and _____ groups are buffers

amino acid string, N-C-C, peptide bonds

The primary structure of a protein is the ______ (_____) linked together by ______

hydrogen bonding along the backbone, alpha helix, beta pleated sheet

The secondary structure of a protein is the _______. When an O doubled bonded to a C is attracted to an N from another section of the chain, they make a hydrogen bond and form an _______. When the amino acid chain folds up on itself and the O bonds with the N parallel from it, it causes a ________

3D shape of a polypeptide, R

The tertiary structure of a protein is the _______. This causes working proteins to form. The polypeptide folds and haves ___ group interactions to form this structure.

2 proteins join up to make a bigger functional one

The quaternary structure of a protein is when _______

1, 3

The 2 structures of a protein that are NECESSARY are ___ and ___

denatures, ethyl, flips

Alcohol ______ something, _____ alcohol being an example of this. It "____" proteins making them non functional

genomes

In our _____, we have genes for lots of polypeptides, but can make wayyyy more working proteins (because of different combinations)