Anatomy (Skin)

Name some skin functions

Abrasion protection/melanin production/thermoregulation/Vit D3 synthesis/gen. senses

What setting does lipid storage occur in?

Hypodermis (NOT in skin)

Name MORE skin functions (Barriers)

H20/infection barriers (Keratin/acid mantle/dendritic cells)

What’re cells of epidermis

Stem cells/melanocytes/keratinocytes/merkel cells/dendritic cells

Rule of Nines

Body Surface Area (BSA) % for 2nd/3rd degree burns

What if body part is burned both sides? (BSA%)

Add both percentages! (Ex: Add adult head front plus adult head back = 9%)

What is immediate threat of burns?

Loss of fluid/electrolytes. Lose 75% Blood volume in ONLY FEW HOURS

More than 20-25 BSA % burns need?

IV fluid resuscitation

More then 30-40% BSA burns can be?

fatal without treatment

Thermoregulation (as Burn Complication)

Losing so much fluid → evaporation. Cooling body down requires more energy.

What are partial thickness burns?

1st and 2nd Degree. 1st: Epidermis. 2nd: Epidermis/Part or All of Dermis.

What’re full thickness burns?

3rd degree: Epidermis + dermis +hypodermis (possibly other tissues) Nerves are burned!!!

2nd Degree is least painful

FALSE (actually most painful)

85% phosphate in bone

TRUE

99% of calcium in bone

TRUE

___% skeleton remodeled every year

10%!!!

name burn complications

Thermoregulation/infection/IV fluid/high enough BSA burn % = fatality

Burns considered critical if (3 qualifications)

More than 25% are 2nd degree

More than 10% are 3rd degree

3rd degree burns on face

How does Botox work?

Works w/NMJ

Blocks Acetylcholine (Neurotransmitters) → no binding → no spark → NO MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Myasthenia Gravis

Autoimmune attack→ damaged nicotinic receptors. (need for contraction)

Resistance training develops NEW muscle cells

FALSE. Get bigger instead.

Hypertrophy

When something gets bigger (involved in endochondral ossification/ interstitial growth/resistance training)

Atrophy

Muscle cells get smaller when unused.

How do muscles relax?

1. Nervous system stops somatic motor neuron stimulation. AP stops in NEURON

2. Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) breaks down Acetylcholine (Ach) at NMJ. Stop in MUSCLE CELL.

3. Calcium pumped BACK in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR = Calcium Closet)

Sarcolemma

Muscle’s Cell Membrane

Sarcoplasm

action potential stops in neuron, the action potential automatically stops in muscle fiber as well.

FALSE. Missing AchE step.

Osteoclasts hollow out what cavity?

Medullary cavity