THE BLOOD AND HEART

FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD

transportation: gases, hormones, waste, nutrients

regulation: blood pH, body temp, body buffers

protection: against disease, blood loss

average blood volume?

5L

PLASMA PROTEINS?

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

PLASMA

fluid part of blood containing water, gases, hormones, waste

FORMED ELEMENTS

buffy coat, white blood cells, platelets, red blood cells

GLOBULIN

immunoglobins: antibodies

ALBUMIN

most common for fluid balance

FIBRINOGEN

involved in blood clotting

HEMATOCRIT

percent of blood volume occupied by RBCs

if RBCs are DECREASED in hematocrit

anemia, around 35

if RBCs are INCREASED in hematocrit

polycythemia, around 55

erythrocyte characteristics

1) no nucleus: more space to pack hemoglobin

2) biconcave shape: same as sphere for gas exchange across membrane

3) lacks mitochondria: makes ATP via glycolysis

1 RBC contains how many hemoglobin

280,000,00

1 hemoglobin can bind to how many Oxygen

4 oxygen

leukocytes characteristics

1) have a nucleus

2) larger than RBCs

3) can emigrate blood vessels to target pathogens

PUS

dead neutrophils that destroyed pathogens

THROMBUS

attached clot DVT (deep vein thrombus)

EMBOLUS

traveling clot

HEMOSTASIS

events that prevent hemorrhage (blood loss)

ASPIRIIN

anti-platelet, blocks thromboxaneA2 to decrease platelet plug formation

HEPARIN

anti-coagulant, blocks thrombin to decrease clot formation

t-PA

tissue plasminogen activator, plasmin digests fibrin threads

HEART LOCATION

mediastinum between sternum and vertebral column

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

layers of heart?

endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

HEART VALVES

allows unidirectional flow of blood

HEART MURMUR

abnormal heart sound due to valve insufficiency

VALVE STENOSIS

valve is rigid, doesnt open completely