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Asynchronous Counters
Counters in which some flip-flops are clocked by the output of other flip-flops rather than a main clock.
El Naga's Transitions Technique
A systematic procedure for designing asynchronous counters based on four transitions: α, β, I, and ϕ.
Transition α
The transition from 0 to 1.
Transition β
The transition from 1 to 0.
Transition I
The transition from 1 to 1.
Transition ϕ
The transition from 0 to 0.
Essential Transition
A transition necessary to apply a logical 1 to the flip-flop input to occur.
Don't Care Transition
A transition where it does not matter if a logical 1 or 0 is applied to the flip-flop input.
Zero Transition
A transition necessary to apply a logical 0 to the flip-flop input to occur.
Excitation Equation
An equation consisting of essential transitions and don't care transitions of a flip-flop input.
Synchronous Counters
Counters in which all flip-flops are clocked from the main clock input.
Karnaugh Map
A diagram used to simplify boolean equations and visualize how transitions interact.
Leading-edge Triggered Flip-Flops
Flip-flops that require a zero to one transition (α) for clocking.
Trailing-edge Triggered Flip-Flops
Flip-flops that require a one to zero transition (β) for clocking.
State Table
A table outlining the present and next state conditions for a counter.
Transition Table
A table detailing the possible transitions for each flip-flop in the design.
Design Methodology
The set of steps used to systematically create an asynchronous counter.
Flip-Flop
A basic component in digital electronics used to store binary data.
Transition Method's Design Verification Rules
Rules to check the correctness of transitions and ensure proper design.
Transition Mapping
The process of associating transitions with the corresponding flip-flop inputs.
Clocked Flip-Flop
A flip-flop that transitions states based on the input clock signal.
Transition Verification
The process of ensuring the accuracy of transitions in a designed counter.
Digital Circuit Design
The process of designing circuits that handle digital signals.
Error Free Design
A design process that aims to minimize or eliminate errors in the final output.
State Changes
The process by which a flip-flop changes from one state to another.
Design Simplification
The use of techniques to make the design process easier and more efficient.
Testing Algorithms
Methods used to check the correctness of each step in the design procedure.
Hardware Minimization
The goal of reducing the number of components needed for circuit design.
Note 
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