hobbs semester 1 exam

Abraham

The father of Judaism, a henotheist that was one of god's greatest worshipers, his most remarkable son was isaac

Alexander the Great

Conquered the entire known world by the age of 31, he was the student of Aristotle and a wise leader, Macedonian King (356-323BC)

Aristotle

A master of those who know, The philosopher, The first scientist of; Poetry, Biology, Physics, Logic, and Politics, like in his books the politics

Arius

Founder of Arianism, was a believer in God and led his own group of worshippers

Charlamagne

Charles the Great, was one of the sons of Pepin the short, who went on to dominate most of Europe, first holy king of France

Charles Martel

Father of Pepin the Short, was a military leader and statesman

Constantine

Roman emperor, lived from 305 A.D. to 337 A.D., created Constantinople as a holy city and the new center of the empire, also made the edict of Milan, first emperor to convert to Chrisitanity

Edward Gibbon

British historian lived from 1737 to 1794, wrote decline and fall of the roman empire, 6 vol. And complete the last 3 in Paris

Fustel de Coulanges

Wrote the ancient city(1862), defined indo-european(see terms) talked of their beliefs

Giotto

led the transition away from the Byzantine style and towards sorts of things that would be associated with Renaissance art

Hannibul

Carthage war leader in the second punic war, was extremely smart and figured out how to cross the Alps with elephants, beat tons of men in military combat using his brain and tactics

Machiavelli

"teacher of evil"

wrote the Prince and Discourses on Livy

niccolo machiavelii

Martin Luther

helped form the Protestant church

wrote the 95 theses which was about everything he believed to be wrong with the Catholic church

Martin luther

Muhammad

Founder of Islam, delivered the words of God to the people, the Koran was written based off of these words, had a journey named hijra. Goes to Mecca

Plato

Student of Socrates, teacher of Aristotle, wrote 20+ dialogues,ex: The Republic(Justice) and Euthyphro(Piety)(428-348BC)

Saul (Paul)

Redeemed as the most important person in Chrisianity after Jesus and God, went of a mission to convert as many people as possible to Christianity

Simon (Peter)

went on a mission to convert people to Chrisianity, but was more strict in the practices and required circumcision

Socrates

Philosopher, Never wrote anything but was used as a character in Platonic dialogue, teacher of Plato, was wise from/3 acknowledging his stupidity(469-399BC)

St. Francis of Assisi

He rebuilt the church and lived impoverished, was very close to God and the church.

St. Benedict of Nursia

Created the Monte Cassino after the idea of loving thy neighbor, lived in a secluded area with his fellow worshipers, very important guy

St. Simeon Stylites

Took the whole being one with the earth to a whole nother level, he lived on top of a pillar for 36 years straight, to be with God.

Thucydides

Author of the Peloponnesian Wars (460-400BC)

Aristotle's Regimes

Defined as good or bad, and by a scale of ruling by one, few, or many, and can end in a bad government everytime

Bourgeoisie

The middle class in europe in the time period of study, had merchants, shoe makers, hatters and traditional trade jobs

Battle of Cannae

The Romans become surrounded by the Carthaginian cavalry and have no choice but to surrender.

Battle of Tours

A battle won by Charles Martel as a fight against the Muslims and their attempt at taking over Spain and most likely the entire known world

Black Death

-also referred to as the Bubonic Plague and the Great Mortality

-disease that spread through fleas

bubonic plague

-30-60% of Europe's population died becuase of it

bubonic plague

Byzantine Style

-no backrounds

-people were painted from a side view

byzantine art

- depicts 'holy' people

byzantine art

- main focus is God

byzantine art

Carolingians

The French Dynasty named after Charlemagne

Concordat of Worms

A compromise between the king and the Pope that started that the church alone could grant a bishop his ring and staff (church power) but his power could be vetoed by the king

Geocentric

Representing the Earth as the center of the universe or solar system

Goths

A member of a Germanic people that invaded the Roman Empire from the east between the 3rd and 5th centuries

East-West Schism

The split between the Eastern and Western Churches in 1054

heresy

Belief in an unorthodox idea, normally against something like Christianity

humanism

a focus on human things

Hebrews

A member of an ancient people that lived in present day Israels and Palenstine, descended from jacob

Isrealites

A member of the ancient Hebrew nation, (12th to 6th century BC)

Jews

Came from the tribe of Judah, whose traditional religion is Judaism

Koran

The holy texts of Islam, brought by Gabriel and in order from longest book/chapter to shortest except for the first one

Lordship

one who owns the land and rents it out to peasants or is owner of serfs

Vassalage

Having and obligation to a lord or king

Medieval

Middle Ages

Memento Mori

means "Remember you must die"

Merovingians

First race of the Kings of France, before the Carolingians

Monotheism

The belief in one true god, could be any religion with one omnipotent god

Norman Conquest

11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Normans, Bretons, Flemish, and men from other French provinces, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror

Northern Renaissance

the movement in Art in Germany and Flanders that reflected greater religious tones; , Emphasized Critical Thinking, Developed Christian Humanism criticizing the church & society, Painting/ Woodcuts/Literature

Durer- Knight, Death and Devil

Breugal- Mad Meg

Bosch- Death and the Miser

Holbein- Ambassadors

Orthodoxy

Being in the same ideas as everyone else

Ptolemaic Cosmology

The Egyptian way of seeing the universe

Rightly Guided Caliphs

The Sunni side of Muslims that were voted in instead of by heir

Salic Law

German law that crown must be passed through male relatives; used by France in 100 Years War to keep crown from Edward III

Shia

The side of the Twelvers, did not want anybody to join the religions, supposedly the 13th leader is still in hiding and will emerge when the time is right

Simony

Buying your way out of purgatory or at least less time, was abused

Southern Renaissance

Da Vinci- The Last Supper

Botticelli- Birth of Venus

Titian- Rape of europa

Sunni

The side of islam that had open arms, also has the 4 rightly guided caliphs and the Umayadd caliphate and others

Vandals

Around 410 AD after the Visigoths, the Vandals did the same. They were up top and took their people southwest then turned east to Carthage then took a administrative districts

Visigoths

in 378 AD they came in and after asking Romans to temporarily borrow territory, Rome said "no" so the Vandals came in anyways and expanded either way from south first then to west.

- inventor of printing press

gutenburg

- publishes a bible, 1455

gutenburg

Christopher Columbus

- publishes his journal, 1494

- "discovered" America

christopher columbus

- Dutch scholar and author

erasmus

- 1st best selling author

erasmus

- correspondent of Martin Luther

erasmus

- both were concerned with the church and saw need for reform

martin luther and erasmus

- thought they should work for reform within the church

erasmus and martin luther

Martin Luther

- 1438~ 1546

- 95 theses

martin luther

- Diet of Worms, 1521- excommunicated

martin luther

Founder of Lutherism

martin luther

Jean Calvin

- 1509~ 1604

- correspondent of Martin Luther

erasmus

- Swiss theologian

erasmus

- T. U. L. I. P

basis of presbyterianism(calvinism)

- founder of Calvinsim

jean calvin

Henry the eighth of England

- breaks with church, 1534

- founder of Anglican Church ~~~ Episcopal

henry VIII

- (Big Boy)

henry VIII

Industrial city

Milan

Where is Botticelli and Giotto from?

Florence

Venice

- began to develop a trading empire in th Eastern Meditterranean in the 9th century

Paris

- during the 900's this city became the Cappechian Capitol

- located on the Seine river

paris

- Ile de la Cite

island in paris, oldest settlement

Cordova

- Spanish/ Muslim city

- home of a famous library containing ancient writers

library of alexandria