Ancient Philosophers

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“I am doubting, therefore I am” - St. Augustine

St. Augustine

• Religious perspective
• Believes that man cannot be completed without the soul.
• Inseperable: Soul and Body
• Knowing god is equal to knowing ourselve.
• “Knowledge can only come by seeing the truth that dwells within us”

(The truth of which Augustine spoke refers to the truth of knowing god)

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Rene Descartes

“ I think therefore I am”

Descartes 2 distinct entities:

• “Cogito”

The thing that thinks.

The mind.

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• “Extenza”

The extension.

The body.

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(When you think that is already a proof that there is self)

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John Locke

“ The self is Consciousness”

• The human mind at birth is Tabula rasa or Blank slate.
• As we experience the more in life the human mind will fill in.
• Through experience we learn.
• When babies born they absolutely know nothing.

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( Consciousness = Awareness)

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David Hume

“ There is no self ”

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• Ideas form through impression.
• There is no self.
• Impression and Ideas
• (Impression = Imagination)

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Immanuel Kant

“ We construct the self”

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• if you’re going to reflect on it there is self.
• Minds organizes our experiences.
• The self is the product of the reason.
• Our min constructs the reality.

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Gilbert Ryle

“ The self is the way people behave “

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• more on behavior
• The way we act is the same as who we are.

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Paul Churchland

“ The self is the brain “

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• Inseperable: Brain and Body
• If brain is gone there is no self
• The mind does no really exist.
• Believes in eliminative materialism

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( Mind is a mental state, ability to understand things and generate thoughts and awareness. Brain more on physical think. Compose of nerve cells, Organ.)

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Maurice Merleau-Ponty

“ The self is embodied subjectivity”

• The mind and the body are together.
• Both of them is creating who you are
• Inseperable= Mind and Body

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( Futile endeavor means no sense or purpose)

(Bifurcation is division of something into two parts.)

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