Flight Plan + Weight & Balance

Taxi Fuel

Fuel used for

Engine start and taxi till T/O position,

taking into account

• APU fuel consumption

• Distances

• Traffic delays

for an average taxi time of 10 to 15 minutes.

APU Fuel

fuel Consumed by

Auxiliary Power Unit for Ground Operations

-Lighting

-Air Conditioning

-Engine Start

Bleed Power

Generated by APU, which is a:

Pneumatic System composed of

Compressed Air Trapped

to Drive Various A/C Functions

Trip Fuel (TF)

Fuel required to fly from T/O to Landing at

Destination airport.

used for:

• Take-Off

• Climb

• Cruise

• Decent

• Approach

• Landing

-Taking into account

Departure & Arrival

Procedures

Ramp Fuel

Total fuel on board of A/C @ Ramp.

Block + Extra

Contengensy fuel (CF)

5% of TF Trip Fuel Or

3% if En-route Alternate AP. available
Carried to Compensate for:

*Unforeseen Factors:

1. Unequal Engines Fuel Consumption.

2. Weather

3. ATC Routing and Altitudes
   

An amount required to fly for

• 5 minutes at the holding speed,

• 1500 ft above the Destination aerodrome

• in standard conditions.

3 types of alternates

1- T/O Alternate 'in Low visibility'
2- En-route Alternate Airport
3- Destination Alternate Airport

Alternate Fuel (AF)

Required and should be sufficient for

• Missed approach @ Destination

• Climb, Cruise, Descent

• Approach&Landing@Alternate AP

Final Reserve Fuel (FRF)

Minimum fuel for A/C to Remain Safely Airborne.
Must be enough to fly for 30 minutes

• At holding speed

• At 1500 ft above:
  ➔ Alternate aerodrome, or
  ➔ Destination aerodrome

Under Standard Conditions

Additional Fuel (AF)

fuel added if Min. Fuel is Insufficient to:

Meet the Requirements of:

-E.F. (Engine Failure)

-Decompression

@ Most Critical Point.

Extra Fuel

Fuel PIC Considers Necessary.

Block Fuel

Total fuel required for flight.

Tankering

More than required fuel carried

to Reduce or Avoid Refueling

@ Destination airport.

Ballast Fuel

'Take Off Fuel' for (Stability)

Maintaining A/C’s 'CG'
within Limits.

Minimum fuel for Diversion

Alternate + Final Reserve

Weight & Balance

Weight & Balance

Basic Empty Weight (BEW)

This weight includes the weight of:

1. Structure + Power plant

2. Fluids (Oil, Unusable fuel, Toilet fluid

3. Emergency Equipment (Fire extinguisher, Oxygen masks)

4. Extras (Galleys, Electronics, Furnishings)

Unusable Fuel

-Remains after Fuel Run-Out Test as per Regulations

-Not Usable for Flight Operations (Can’t be Consumed by Engines)

• Divided into two parts:

  • Drainable: removed by Sump Drains

  • Trapped: Cannot be removed

Dry Operating weight (DOW)

Basic Empty Weight plus:

• Flight & cabin crew + baggage

• Manuals & Navigation Equipment

• Engine oil

• Food, beverages, & service equipment

• Washing & drinking water

• Life rafts & vests

• Cargo handling system

Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW)

• Max weight excluding Usable Fuel

• May include usable fuel if carried instead of payload

Actual Zero Fuel Weight (AZFW)

(DOW+PayLoad)

Dry Operating Weight + Payload

Must Never Exceed the MZFW

Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW)

• Max Weight @ Brake Release (before takeoff)

• Set by Manufacturer

• Structural limit – Must not be exceeded

• Excludes Taxi/Run-Up fuel

Maximum Landing Weight (MLW)

• Max Authorized Weight @ Touch-Down

• Set by Manufacturer

• Structural limit – Must not be exceeded

Maximum Taxi Weight

Known as Maximum Ramp Weight

• Max weight allowed on ground (includes taxi & run-up fuel)

• Set by Structural Limits

Gross Weight

It is the total weight of an airplane
after all items have been added.

Pay Load (Useful Load)

Total weight of Revenue

Datum Line

Imaginary Reference Line from which

Weight & Balance : Calculations&Measurements are taken.

Body Station Number

How Far in Inches a Body is from Datum Line.