whap summer vocab

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Paleolithic Era

old stone age, a long period of human development before the development of agriculture

Neolithic Revolution

New stone age which was marked by the discovery and mastery of agriculture

Twelve Tables

Rome's first set of laws, established in 449 B.C.E

Matrilineal

kinship with mother of female line

polytheistic

the belief or worship of more than 1 god

agriculture

science/ practice of farming
growing crops to provide food

specialization of labor

companies divide their production or service processes into several set tasks

judaism

monotheistic religion developed among anciet hebrews, civilization of jewish people

irrigation

practive of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops

Fertile Crescet

region of the middle east that stretches in a large crescent-shaped curve from Persian gulf to the medirrranean sea

Mesoptamia

It is a historic region of West Asia within the Tigris-Euphrates river system. In fact, the word Mesopotamia means "between rivers" in Greek. Home to the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia these peoples are credited with influencing mathematics and astronomy.

city-state

urban areas that controlled surrounding agricultural regions that were often loosely connected in a broader political structure with other city-states

pastoralism

part of agriculture that deals with animal livestock

empire

political unit made up of several states or countries under single supreme authority

hammurabi's code

sophisticated law code as associated with the Babylone King Hammurabi

metallurgy

branch of science and technology concerned with properties of metals, production, and purification

patriarchy

society of gov where father or male descent of family is the head

cuenifrorm

written language of the Sumerians, probably the 1st written script in the world

syncretism

practice of combining different beliefs + traditions

Phoenicians

an ancient Semitic civilization originating in Levant region of the Eastern Meditteranean (Modern Leabanon)

Feudalism

social system in Europe in which people murked and fought for nobles who gave protection and use of land in return

monotheism

belief in only one god, a rare concept in the ancient world

manorialism

social system by which peasants of Medieval Europe were rendered dependant on their land and on their lord

filial peity

attitude of respect for parents + ancestors in societies

theocracy

system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or in a god

caliphates

area/government under a caliph

bantu migrations

a large population movement from original homeland (west-central africa) to easten + southern regions of Africa

aryan migrations

migrations into the Indian subcontinent Indo-Aryan peoples

zoroastrianism

Persian religion based on the teaching of the sixth-century prophet Zarathaustra emphasis on duality of good and evil in individuals

Qanat

a system for transporting water from an aquifer or water well to the surface, through an underground aqueduct

caste system

class structured by birth, system of social hiearchy

monsoon system

system that seasonally reverse its direction they blow from cold to warm regions

sanskrit

sacred language of Hindusim
ancient and classical languages of India

Mandate of Heaven

Chinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population.

Buddihsm

religion based on 4 noble truths, associated with Siddhartha Guatama or Buddha

confucianism

philosophy based on the teachings of the chinese philosopher Kong Fuzi -\> emphasizes order, the role of the gentleman obligation to society

hinduism

Main religion of India, a combination of Dravidian and Aryan concepts; Hinduism's goal is to reach spiritual purity and union with the great world spirit

Islam

monotheistic religion, announced by prophet Muhammad influenced bu Judaism and Christianity

great schism

ongoing break of communion between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches religion disagreements

eastern orhtodox

one of 3 main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity where they have maintaned a focus on the union of the 3 persons in God, union of deity + humanity in christ

silk roads

An extensive network of trade routes that linked much of Eurasia with North Africa during the Classical Period.

republic

a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

democracy

a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people

qin dynasty

first dynasty in Imperial China that built much of the Great Wall

Han Dynasty

Imperial Dynasty of China, established bu Liu Bang, expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy

epidemic disease

the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time

cultural diffusion

the spreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a central point.

Sinicization

Process by which non-Han Chinese people come under the cultural or political domination of Han Chinese.

Byzatine Empire

long-lasting empire centered at Constantinopole; it grew out of the end of Roman Empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age

caravanserai

a roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey