Exam 2: History of North Carolina

Nicknamed "Old Hickory," and famous for championing the so-called "common man," this North Carolinian was elected President in 1828 and 1832: 

Believe in a negative government

Andrew Jackson

Economics system based on subsistent farming and barter before transportation

Household to market economy

This person tried to wake up the state through internal improvements, died by 1830 before much of his plans took place

Archibald Murphy

Archibald Murpheys plans to try to wake up the state

Internal Imporvemnets

NC Supreme Court judge who ruled in State v. Mann that whites must have total power over slaves.

Thomas Ruffin

Rip Van Winkle Winkle State

NC was perceived economic and social stagnation while other states were progressing

Political Party System

period of predictable behavior
Sides (parties)
Issues
How groups will vote

Name the "historical sin," rejected by historians today, that the history of the world is best understood by studying the biographies of famous men.

Great Man Theory

Constitutions of 1865

the 13th amendment to abolish slavery

State v. Mann

Mann shot rented slave Lydia in the back, slap on the wrist small fine, Mann appealed the case because he said master can do what he wants. Ruffin honest decision supported Mann

Chang & Eng

(left and right) original conjoined siamese twins from bangkok in 1800, taken to london bc of curiosities, stretched to stand next to each other, became fascinating, audiences, came to NC, applied for US citizenship, married in wilkesboro (shows complexity of frontier antebellum NC)

Event, series of event, etc
Cross cutting issues that no longer go with past parties

Realignment

This African American North Carolinian criticized slavery in his Appeal in Four Articles in 1829, and then mysteriously died soon after.

David Walker

A 48 hour slave rebellion in which a group of slaves unsuccessful attempt to overthrow and kill planter families.
Lasting impact on whites: fear another slave rebellion could happen again.
Tightened the grip on slavery

Nat Turner Rebellion

Manipulation of electoral districts to serve the interests of a particular group.

Gerrymandering

This event happened under Gen. Winfield Scott, unsanitary conditions, epidemic diseases, bad planning, lack of supplies (4-5k died before, during, or right after the journey)

Trail of Tears

African-American North Carolina educator in the antebellum period became perhaps the most educated black person of his generation?

John Chavis

Who was the Indian leader who led a small band of Indians to refuge in the mountains of North Carolina before surrendering himself to authorities in order to allow the continuation of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee?

Tsail

Yankee elected president in 1860 as a Republican: 

Abraham Lincoln

(1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory.

Mexican War

Henry Clay

whig, "positive government" want more gov

James K. Polk

sent into mexican war

Democrats

In the Antebellum period, Henry Clay and those who wanted a "positive government" were all members of the __________ party.

Whigs

In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State.

Corrupt Bargain

He died before Reconstruction, but his anti-slavery views and belief in federal protection of rights influenced the Republican ideals that guided Reconstruction policies in North Carolina.

John Quincy Adams

Myth of the Lost Cause

Antebellum - happy slaves

Civil War - can’t be won vindictive, not about slavery, don’t blame leaders

Reconstruction - “radical Reconstruction”, carpetbaggers, scallywags, “negro rule”

What was the largest battle ever fought in North Carolina?  It failed to stop Sherman's advance into the state in 1865.

Battle for Bentonville

What happened at Shelton Laurel?

Confederate troops massacred suspected pro-Union raiders who had stolen salt and killed a soldier.

"Mecca of a thousand aspirations" offered freedom/sanctuary, became headquarters of freedpeople's community

New Bern

After the attack on this fort, Abraham Lincoln imposed a Union blockade of all the seaports of the Deep South, and called for North Carolina to contribute 20,00 men to put down the insurrection.  Soon thereafter NC seceded from the Union.

Fort Sumter

Sherman's march from Atlanta, Georgia, to Savannah, Georgia which cut off confederate supplies received by the sea. They wanted to destroy the Southern economy and morale, leading to Southern surrender.

March to the Sea

He led the Union raid through Western NC, beginning with the capture of Boone, and then striking into the central Piedmont while also attempting to free Yankee prisoners

George Stoneman

Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force

Robert E. Lee

March 1863 food riot = 40-50 soldiers' wives converged on merchants demanding they sell food at reasonable prices, threatened to seize food and provisions

Salisbury

Was a former Confederate governor of North Carolina who opposed many Reconstruction policies. After the Civil War, he was temporarily barred from office but later became governor again in 1877. He supported white supremacy and worked to restore Democratic control and limit African American political power in North Carolina.

Zebulon Vance

The place that was the center of AA social & political life, known for black skilled workers, businessmen & professionals

Wimington

Warfare that includes any and all civilian-associated resources an infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war, and give priority to warfare over non combatant needs

Total War

This Republican governor became the first and only North Carolina governor to be impeached and removed from office.

William W. Holden

The nickname given to North Carolina during the American Civil War to describe how NC was not favored for secession but became the fortress of secession's cause. The state was a center of disaffection but became the pillar of strength for the confederacy.
⅙ of confederate army, 1/9 draft
50% materials (Wilmington)
40k died = ¼

Unwilling Hercules

Who led the Union Army's March to the Sea, invaded North Carolina, and won the largest battle ever fought in NC before accepting the Confederate Army's surrender near Durham?  After the war, he told a group of military cadets that "war is hell."

William T. Sherman

Was a brief but powerful speech delivered by President Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, at the dedication of a cemetery for soldiers who died in the Battle of Gettysburg. In it, Lincoln reaffirmed the ideals of liberty and equality from the Declaration of Independence and emphasized that the Civil War was a test of whether a nation “conceived in liberty” could endure. He called for national unity and the preservation of democracy—“government of the people, by the people, for the people.”

Gettysburg Address

Who had the plan to sign up for confederate and escape to unionist side, pulled a mulan and fought as brothers, only married couple who fought for confederacy and union

Malinda and Keith Blaylock

The confederate organization of local men that hunted down deserters during the civil war

Home Guard

The ambiguous term used to describe the slave runaways whose status was unclear behind Union lines early in the Civil War

Contrabands

Known today as the "draft", what was mandatory military service known as during the Civil War?

Conscription

What disintegrated slavery in 1863

Emancipation Proclamation

What was the name given to North Carolina whites who proclaimed their mission to be saving the state from the evils of Reconstruction and to eradicate Republican and black influence. This group also made it their policy to withdraw public involvement in railroads by leasing state-owned rail lines to private investors.

Redeemers

Who replaced Lincoln after assassination in 1865, extended amnesty and pardon to al former rebels that agreed to take oath of allegiance to US and accept end of slavery Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson

Military Reconstruction Act 1867

South divided into 5 military districts; states to guarantee full suffrage for blacks; ratify 14th amendment

All of the following attempted to expand black political rights except:

Ku Kluz Klan

Democrats

The disrespectful nickname given to Southerner who cooperated and voted with Republican government during Reconstruction

Scalawags

He was carpetbagger from Ohio in NC who wrote A Fool’s Errand

Albion Tourgee

During Reconstruction white North Carolinian tired to adapt the state's legal system by giving freeman some (but not equal) political rights through the ______

Black Codes

Which political party represented freedman, mountain counties, and farmer unionist in NC during Reconstruction.

Republicans

A derogatory term for northern whites who migrated south

Carpetbaggers

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

14th Amendment

equal protection under law

15th Amendment

grantees all men the right to vote

This NC African-American leader was fugitive slave, Union spy, inspired orator and Republican political leader.

Abraham Galloway

Historiography of Reconstruction

What established by congress in 1865 to facilitate runaway and ex slaves transition from slavery to freedom

Freedman’s Bureau

Civil Rights Acts

1964; banned discrimination in public acomodations, prohibited discrimination in any federally assisted program, outlawed discrimination in most employment; enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation; this and the voting rights act helped to give African-Americans equality on paper, and more federally-protected power so that social equality was a more realistic goal

This person is a ex-planter, New South booster and mill owner, founder of the Charlotte Observer

D.A.Tompkins

Legislation pushed by railroads and commercial farmers, prevented traditional farmers from grazing their livestock on, or hunting on, common lands

Fence Laws

What are towns that developed around mills that provided housing, stores, and schools to the mill workers (had class structure, segregation, cultural synthesis) called?

Mill Villages

Refers to the region of North Carolina stretching from Charlotte through the Piedmont Triad (Greensboro, Winston-Salem, High Point) to Raleigh and Durham. It became the state’s main area of industry and population growth in the 20th century, known for manufacturing, banking, research, and technology.

Industrial Cresent

founded a tobacco empire in Winston-Salem

James B. Duke

Bright-leaf tobacco became popular in NC because of what new process which prepared it for cigarette production?

Flue-curing

Was a post–Civil War belief promoted by Southern leaders

like Henry Grady that called for the South to move away

from its dependence on agriculture and slavery and instead

build a modern, industrial economy. It encouraged racial

harmony (in theory), economic diversification, and closer

ties with the North, though in practice it often maintained

white supremacy and limited opportunities for African

Americans.

New South Creed

Refers to powerful business leaders during the late 1800s who were seen as helping to build America’s modern industrial economy. They expanded industries like steel, oil, and railroads, creating jobs and national growth.

Industrial Statesmen

Who was the owner of tobacco company, famous for camel cigarette, differed by hiring black workers and dividing into prefabrication and manufacturing

R.J. Reynolds

What were poor black and white farmers called who had to pay rent for their land (as compared to those who had to promise a portion of their harvest to the landowner as payment for their land)?

Tenant Farming

What is it called when a person worked on a portion of planter's land, kept .3-.5 of yield, provided food, shelter, clothing, seeds and farm equipment at a price

Sharecropping

Was a negative term used in the late 1800s to describe

wealthy and powerful industrialists who gained their fortunes

through unethical or monopolistic business practices. They

often exploited workers, eliminated competition, and used

their influence to control government policies.

Robber Barons

A system of credit that caused farmers who worked on other people's land to fall into debt as they borrowed money from land wonders while using their future harvest as collateral

Crop-lien

Textiles

Furniture

African-American editor of The Wilmington Post, he attacked the rumors spreading about black rapists and his office was burned down:

Alexander Manly

Editor of Raleigh News and Observer who led cry of "Negro Rule" and ran Jennett's racist cartoons:

Josephus Daniels

Local leader of White Government League, made himself Wilmington mayor after massacre

Alfred Moore Waddell

Was elected governor in 1896, Republican

Daniel Russell

Was a political movement in the late 1800s that represented

the interests of farmers and working-class Americans

against big business and government corruption. It called for

economic reforms such as the regulation of railroads, a

graduated income tax, the direct election of senators, and

the free coinage of silver to increase the money supply.

Populism

Famous man who was a white supremacy spokesman in 1898 and the Democrat governor in 1900.

Charles Aycock

New Bern Lawyer, Democratic political organizer, Senator for 30 years after 1900, ran Democratic political machine: 

Furnifold Simmons

Populists leader in NC (1890) led Grange, Populist party, and published Progressive Farmer

Leonidas Polk

Deprived blacks of right to vote with amendment that required poll taxes and literacy tests

Disenfrachisement

Name for the political strategy by which the Republican and Populist parties decided to support each other's candidates in a coalition against the Democratic party:  

Fusion

Public white supremacy group in 1898 that carried weapons, advocated anti-Black violence and practiced voter suppression, created by SC gov and white supremacist Benjamin Tillman, operated in heavy black counties in SE NC

Red Shirt

Articulate and well known black leader elected twice from eastern NC second congressional district, speech "negroes temporary farewell to the american congress" & said his race would rise "phoenix-like" someday

George White

These laws required segregation in public spaces, accommodations, and institutions.  They also included keeping races "separate but equal" and segregating modes of transport such as trains and steamboats.

Jim Crow Laws

Who said white males needed to protect women, black men were a threat, lynching necessary

Rebecca Fulton

The coup occurred after the state's white Conservative Democratic Party conspired, and led a mob of 2,000 white men, to overthrow the legitimately elected local Fusionist government, expelling black leaders from the city, destroying the property and businesses of black citizens built up since the Civil War, including the only black newspaper in the city, and killing an estimated 60, to more than 300, people.

Wilmington Massacre